The most common causes of swollen eyelids are allergies, infections, injuries or underlying diseases. Learn more about symptoms and treatment.

Swelling of the eyelids can be due to various factors and occur in one or both eyes. It is usually characterized by swelling, redness, itching, and sometimes pain. This condition can occur due to a variety of reasons, ranging from allergies and infections to injuries or underlying medical conditions.

Allergies: Allergic reactions can cause swelling of the eyelids. Exposure to allergens such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites or certain foods can trigger an immune response in some people, causing swelling of the eyelids. In allergic reactions, histamine is released, which dilates blood vessels and causes inflammation.

1. Infections: Infections can also be a common cause of swollen eyelids. Bacterial and viral infections, such as conjunctivitis, can cause inflammation and swelling of the eyelids. These infections are usually characterized by symptoms such as redness, discharge and itching.
2. Eye injuries: Trauma or eye injuries can cause swelling of the eyelid. This can occur due to a direct blow, a foreign object entering the eye, or excessive rubbing or scratching of the eye. Injuries can cause immediate swelling or develop gradually over time.

It is essential to seek immediate medical attention if an eye injury is suspected, as it can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Common Causes:

Aside from allergies, infections, and eye injuries, there are other common causes of swollen eyelids:

Definition and Overview

Causes and symptoms:

1. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can cause swollen eyelids. Some common examples are conjunctivitis, cellulitis (a bacterial skin infection), and herpes simplex virus.
2. Allergies: Irritants such as pollen, pet dandruff or dust mites can trigger an allergic reaction, causing the eyelids to swell, pique and flush.
3. Injuries: trauma in the eye zone, such as a blow or the entrance of a strange object into the eye, can cause swelling of the eyelids. This can be accompanied by pain, bruises or difficulty to open or close the eye.

It is important to point out that eyelid swelling can also be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as orbital cellulite, thyroid ocular disease or orbital tumors. In these cases, it is essential to receive immediate medical attention to prevent possible complications and treat the underlying cause.

Regardless of the cause, people with swollen eyelids may experience additional symptoms such as crying eyes, redness, itching, light sensitivity, blurred vision or sandwill sensation in the eyes. The severity of the symptoms may vary depending on the underlying cause and individual factors.

Although mild cases of swollen eyelids can be resolved by themselves or with basic sel f-care measures, persistent or severe swelling requires a medical evaluation. The proper diagnosis of the underlying cause is essential for effective treatment and to prevent any potential complication.

The Importance of Identifying Causes of Swollen Eyelid

1. INFECTION: One of the common causes of a swollen eyelid is an infection. Bacterial or viral infections, such as conjunctivitis or cellulite, can cause inflammation and swelling around the eye zone. These infections can be very contagious and may require specific medications such as antibiotics or antivirals for effective treatment and the prevention of subsequent complications. In some cases, fungal infections can also contribute to the swelling of the eyelids.

• Infections such as conjunctivitis or cellulite
• Bacterial, viral or fungal causes
• Contagious and may need specific medication

Identifying the underlying infection caused by swollen eyelids is essential for specific treatment and to avoid the spread of infection to other people.

2. Allergies: allergic reactions can often cause swollen eyelids. These reactions may be due to exposure to various allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, domestic animals dandruff or certain chemical substances. Allergic conjunctivitis, commonly known as ocular allergy, can cause itching, redness and swelling of the eyelids. It is important to identify the specific allergen that triggers the reaction to treat it effectively and prevent new episodes. Antihistamines and topical corticosteroids are usually used to relieve symptoms associated with allergic reactions.

1. Allergic reactions
2. Caused by exposure to allergens
3. Identify the specific allergen is crucial

Proper allergen identification can help avoid exposure and reduce the probability that swollen eyelids are repeated due to allergic reactions.

Allergies: A Common Trigger for Swollen Eyelids

Allergies can be a common cause of swollen eyelids, and occur when the body’s immune system reacts to certain substances or allergens. When these allergens come into contact with the eyes, they can cause an allergic reaction, which gives rise to various symptoms, such as redness, itching and swelling of the eyelids.

One of the main responsible for ocular allergic reactions is pollen, which is usually associated with seasonal allergies or hay fever. Pollen grains can easily enter the eyes and trigger an immune response, which causes inflammation and swelling of the eyelids. Other common allergens that can cause swollen eyelids are the dandruff, dust mites, mold spores and certain types of food.

• Pollen: Tree pollen grains, grass and weeds can cause swollen eyelids in people with seasonal allergies.
• Animal dandruff: Proteins found in skin cells, saliva and animal urine can trigger an allergic reaction in some people, causing swelling of the eyelids.
• Dust mites: These tiny and microscopic insects are found in the domestic dust and can cause allergic reactions, including eyelid swelling, in susceptible people.
• Mold spores: the mold, which is usually found in wet areas such as bathrooms and basements, releases spores in the air that can cause allergies and swelling of eyelids.
• Food: Certain foods, such as peanuts, eggs, milk and seafood, can also be allergenic and cause allergic reactions that can involve eyelid swelling.

Felling of eyelids due to allergies is not usually serious and can be relieved with adequate treatment and avoiding the trigger allergen. However, if the swelling is serious, it persists for a long time or is accompanied by other worrying symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention.

It is essential to identify the specific allergens that cause swelling of the eyelids, since this can help apply effective treatment strategies. Allergy tests can be performed, such as cutaneous puncture tests or blood test, to determine the specific allergens that cause the reaction. Once identified, measures can be taken to avoid contact with these allergens and prevent future apparitions of swollen eyelids.

Types of Allergens

Allergens transported by air:

• Pollen: Tree pollen, grasses and weeds can be a common cause of allergic reactions. When inhaled, pollen can trigger an immune response in susceptible people, causing symptoms such as swollen eyelids, itching and nasal congestion.
• Animal dandruff: allergens present in skin cells, hair or animal feathers can air and cause allergies. The usual culprits are cats, dogs and birds.
• Mold spores: mold can release tiny spores in the air, which can be inhaled and cause allergic reactions. The mold can grow in humid environments, such as bathrooms or basements.

Food allergens:

1. Seafood: Seafood allergies are quite common and can go from slight to serious. After consuming seafood, such as prawns, crab or lobster, swelling of the eyelids, urticaria, digestive problems and difficulty breathing may appear.
2. Peanuts: Peanut allergy is one of the best known food allergies. Eating peanuts or foods that contain can cause allergic reactions, such as swelling of the eyelids, skin rashes and oppression in the throat.
3. Milk: milk allergy is more frequent in children, but can also affect adults. The consumption of milk or dairy products can cause swelling of eyelids, urticaria and gastrointestinal symptoms.

It is important to keep in mind that this is not an exhaustive list of allergens, and that each individual can have unique allergic triggers. It is recommended to consult a healthcare professional to obtain adequate diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms and Treatment Options

Symptoms:

• Redness and inflammation of the eyelid
• Pain and discomfort in the affected area
• Itching and irritation
• Eyeblable swelling
• Difficulty opening or closing the eye

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if symptoms worsen or persist for a long period of time. Self-diagnosis may not be accurate, and professional medical advice is necessary for proper treatment.

As for treatment options for swollen eyelids, the approach depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, home remedies and lifestyle changes can help relieve symptoms and promote healing. However, certain conditions may require medical intervention or specialized treatment.

Treatment options:

1. Hot Compresses: Applying a hot compress to the affected eye can help reduce swelling and improve circulation to the area.
2. Eye drops: Over-the-counter eye drops or artificial tears can relieve dryness and irritation.
3. Antihistamines: If the swollen eyelid is due to allergies, antihistamine medications may be prescribed to relieve symptoms.
4. Topical steroids: In cases of severe inflammation, a healthcare professional may recommend the use of topical steroids to reduce swelling and redness.
5. Surgery: In rare cases where the inflammation is caused by a cyst or tumor, surgery may be necessary to remove it.

Infections: Bacterial and Viral Culprits

When it comes to bacterial infections, Staphylococcus aureus is usually the culprit. This bacteria usually resides on the skin and can cause infections when it enters the eyelid through a break in the skin or by spreading from a nearby infected area. The infection can manifest as redness, swelling, and tenderness of the eyelid. In severe cases, it can even lead to the formation of an abscess or boil.

Bacterial infections:

1. The common cause is Staphylococcus aureus.
2. Entry through cracks in the skin
3. It manifests itself as redness, swelling and tenderness of the eyelid
4. Possible formation of an abscess or boil

Viral infections can also be responsible for swollen eyelids, with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) being a common viral culprit. HSV can cause a disease known as herpetic keratitis, which is an inflammation of the cornea. In some cases, this inflammation can spread to the eyelid, causing swelling. Viral conjunctivitis, caused by adenovirus, can also cause swelling of the eyelids. This type of infection is very contagious and can easily spread through direct or indirect contact.

Viral infections:

1. The herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause herpes keratitis.
2. The inflammation can spread to the eyelid, causing swelling
3. Adenoviruses cause viral conjunctivitis
4. Very contagious and spreads easily

Common Infections Leading to Swollen Eyelids

When it comes to infections that cause swollen eyelids, there are several types that people should be aware of. These include:

• Conjunctivitis: Also known as conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis is a highly contagious infection characterized by redness, itching, and sticky discharge. It can affect one or both eyes and is usually caused by bacterial or viral agents.
• Stye: A stye, also known as hordeolum, is a red, painful lump that forms on the eyelid. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection in the sebaceous glands of the eyelid.
• Orbital cellulitis: This is a serious infection that affects the tissues surrounding the eye. It can cause significant swelling, redness, and pain. Orbital cellulitis usually occurs as a complication of sinusitis or other infections.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience persistent swelling, pain, or vision changes associated with a swollen eyelid, as it could indicate an underlying infection that requires treatment.

Table 1 summarizes the most common infections that cause swollen eyelids:

Medical Interventions and Prevention

Medical interventions:

1. Topical medications: In cases where the swelling is due to infection or inflammation, ophthalmic medications in the form of eye drops or ointments may be prescribed. These medications contain antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents to treat the specific cause and reduce swelling.
2. Oral medications: In more severe cases or when inflammation is caused by systemic conditions such as allergies or autoimmune disorders, oral medications may be prescribed. These medications may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants, depending on the underlying cause.
3. Surgical interventions: In certain situations where inflammation persists or is caused by obstruction of the tear ducts, surgical intervention may be necessary. It may involve draining excess fluid or repairing any structural abnormalities that are contributing to eyelid swelling.

Note: It is essential to consult a healthcare professional or ophthalmologist for proper diagnosis and appropriate medical interventions.

Prevention:

• Good hygiene practices: Maintaining proper hygiene, such as washing your hands regularly, avoiding touching your eyes with dirty hands, and using clean towels and pillows, can help prevent infections that can cause swollen eyelids.
• Avoid allergens: If allergies are the underlying cause, taking precautions to avoid known allergens, such as dust, pollen, or certain foods, can minimize the risk of developing swollen eyelids.
• Eye Protection: Wearing appropriate eye protection, such as goggles, during activities that may pose a risk of eye injury can help prevent trauma-induced swelling of the eyelids.
• Proper use of contact lenses: If contact lenses are worn, following the prescribed cleaning and replacement schedule, as well as avoiding sleeping or swimming in them, can prevent irritation and infections that can cause swelling of the eyelids.

Note: Although preventive measures can reduce the risk of swollen eyelids, it is important to immediately discuss any symptoms or concerns with a healthcare professional to ensure proper care.

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Author of the article

Dr.Greenblatt M.

Medical oncologist at the Robert Larner College of Medicine, MD, at the University of Vermont