Learn effective treatments for vertigo, including exercises and medications. Find relief and improve your quality of life with our comprehensive guide.

Vertigo is a distressing medical condition characterized by a spinning or dizzy feeling. It can greatly affect a person’s quality of life, causing problems with balance, coordination and even mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Fortunately, there are several treatment options to control and relieve the symptoms of vertigo.

A commonly used treatment for vertigo is the Epley maneuver, which involves a series of head movements to reposition displaced crystals in the inner ear. This technique helps restore balance and minimize dizziness. It is usually performed under the supervision of a healthcare professional and can provide considerable relief to patients suffering from vertigo.

Another effective treatment option for vertigo is vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT). This is a specialized form of physical therapy that focuses on exercises and techniques aimed at improving balance and reducing the frequency and severity of vertigo episodes. A healthcare professional will create a personalized exercise program for each patient, targeting specific aspects of vestibular function. It may include exercises such as head and eye movements, balance training, and coordination exercises.

• Epley maneuver: Technique that consists of moving the head to reposition the crystals of the inner ear.
• Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT): specialized physical therapy focused on balance and coordination exercises.

If conservative treatment options do not give satisfactory results, medication may be prescribed to control the symptoms of vertigo. Medications such as antihistamines, anti-nausea drugs, and benzodiazepines can help reduce dizziness and provide temporary relief. However, it is important to note that these medications can have side effects and should be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat severe and persistent vertigo. Surgical procedures, such as vestibular neurectomy or labyrinthectomy, may be considered when other treatment options have been exhausted. These procedures involve removing or destroying specific parts of the inner ear to relieve symptoms and improve balance.

Effective treatment of vertigo requires a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause and identify the most appropriate therapeutic approach. With a combination of medical intervention, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications, people can find relief from vertigo symptoms and regain a sense of balance and well-being.

Understanding the Causes of Vertigo

Vestibular disorders: One of the main causes of vertigo are disorders of the vestibular system, responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. These disorders can affect the inner ear, a crucial component of the vestibular system. Conditions such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière’s disease, and labyrinthitis can cause episodes of vertigo characterized by sudden, intense spinning sensations. BPPV is the most common vestibular disorder and occurs when calcium crystals move within the inner ear. This displacement can alter the normal flow of fluid in the ear, causing vertigo.

“Disorders of the vestibular system, such as BPPV, Ménière’s disease, and labyrinthitis, can cause vertigo by disrupting the balance and spatial orientation maintained by the inner ear.”

Central nervous system disorders: apart from vestibular disorders, vertigo can also be caused by central nervous system disorders (CNS). The SNC plays a vital role in processing sensory information, including signals related to balance and spatial perception. Any alteration of the CNS can cause vertigo. Some examples of CNS disorders associated with vertigo are migraines, vestibular migraine and multiple sclerosis. Migraine can cause vertigo as a symptom during or among headache attacks, while vestibular migraines refer specifically to migraines accompanied by vertigo as a predominant symptom. Multiple sclerosis, a chronic autoimmune disease that affects CNS, can also cause vertigo due to the damage to the nerves involved in balance and coordination.

1. Migraines
2. Vestibular migraine
3. Multiple sclerosis

“Central nervous system disorders such as migraines, vestibular migraines and multiple sclerosis can alter the processing of sensory information related to balance and cause vertigo.”

Medical Treatments for Vertigo

1. Medications: In many cases, medications are prescribed to control vertigo symptoms. They act by reducing inflammation or affecting the center of balance in the brain. Among the medications that are usually prescribed are included:

• Antihistamines: These medications can help relieve dizziness and nausea associated with vertigo. They act by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical responsible for the organism’s inflammatory response.
• Anticholinergics: These drugs can be prescribed to suppress the vestibular system, thus reducing the frequency and intensity of vertigo episodes.
• Benzodiazepines: mainly used to relieve anxiety, benzodiazepines can also help reduce the feeling of turning and improving the general symptoms of vertigo.

Note: It is important to consult a healthcare professional before starting any medication for vertigo, since the choice of medication and dose can vary depending on the specific condition of the individual and his medical history.

2. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT): VRT is a specialized form of therapy whose objective is to improve balance and reduce dizziness in individuals with vertigo. It consists of a series of exercises and maneuvers designed to r e-educate the brain to adapt and compensate for vestibular dysfunction causing vertigo. Some common VRT techniques include:

1. Canalicular repositioning maneuvers: These maneuvers, such as Epley maneuver or semont maneuver, are used to treat Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (VPPB) by moving specific particles in the internal ear to relieve vertigo symptoms.
2. Stabilization exercises: These exercises focus on improving eye coordination and visual monitoring, which can help reduce dizziness during head movements.
3. Balance training: This RVT component includes several exercises aimed at increasing stability and reducing falls, testing the vestibular system and improving proprioception and muscle strength.

Through the regular practice of VRT exercises and techniques, people with vertigo can often experience a reduction in symptoms and an improvement in their ability to perform daily activities without dizziness or imbalances.

Exercises and Home Remedies for Vertigo

1. Brandt-Daroff exercises:

One of the most common exercises recommended for vertigo is Brandt-Daroff exercise. This exercise helps reposition particles of the inner ear and reduce their impact on balance. To perform this exercise

• Sit on the edge of the bed vertically.
• Tasted quickly on one side with the head turned at an angle of 45 degrees.
• Stay in this position for about 30 seconds or until the feeling of rotation ceases.
• Sit slowly and return to the initial position.
• Repeat the same steps on the other side.

Note: It is important to perform the Brandt-Daroff exercises several times a day for a few weeks to experience notable results. It is advisable to consult a health professional before starting any exercise regime.

2. EPLEY MANUBLE:

ELEY maneuver is another exercise that can be useful for treating vertigo caused by VPPB. The objective of this maneuver is to reposition the particles that cause equilibrium problems. Next, it is explained how to perform the ELEY maneuver:

1. Sit on a bed or table with your legs hanging on the edge.
2. Turn the head 45 degrees to the side that causes vertigo.
3. Tasted quickly, keeping your head turned to the side at an angle of 45 degrees.
4. Stay in this position for about 30 seconds or until the feeling of rotation ceases.
5. Sit, but keep your legs hanging from the edge of the bed or table.
6. Keep the head position for another 30 seconds.
7. Slowly turn your head to the opposite side.
8. Tasked sideways with the head turned at an angle of 45 degrees to the opposite side.
9. Stay in this position for about 30 seconds.
10. Sit slowly and return to the initial position.

Note: Epley maneuver must be performed under the supervision of a healthcare professional to avoid any injury or complication.

3. Home remedies:

In addition to the exercises, some home remedies can relieve vertigo symptoms:

• Keep hydrated and drink a lot of water throughout the day.
• Avoid sudden movements of the head or postures that trigger vertigo.
• Sleep with a slightly elevated head to favor circulation.
• Use ginger in your diet or as a supplement, since it is believed that it has ant i-inflammatory properties that can relieve vertigo symptoms.
• Avoid caffeine, alcohol and tobacco, since vertigo can worsen.

Note: It is important to consult a health professional to obtain adequate diagnosis and determine the most appropriate treatment plan for their specific condition.

Dietary changes to manage vertigo symptoms

1. Fluid intake increases: dehydration can worsen the symptoms of vertigo, so it is important to make sure to be well hydrated. Try to drink at least eight glasses of water a day and consider the possibility of consuming other moisturizing fluids such as infusions and juices of fresh fruit. Staying hydrated can help keep blood pressure levels stable and favor the general functioning of the organism.

Tip: Create a daily hydration program by establishing reminders or using applications to monitor your water intake.

2. Follow a low sodium diet: Sodium can contribute to fluid retention in the body, which can aggravate vertigo symptoms. Limit the consumption of processed and packaged foods, which are usually rich in sodium. Instead, focus on fresh and integral foods such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains. Opt for herbs and spices to enhance the taste of your meals, instead of resorting to salt.

1. Include foods rich in potassium:

2. Control the consumption of caffeine and alcohol:

Fast data: both caffeine and alcohol can contribute to dehydration, which is not ideal to control vertigo symptoms. Limit or avoid these substances can help relieve vertigo.

Alternative Therapies for Vertigo Relief

1. Acupuncture: Acupuncture, an old Chinese curative technique, consists of inserting fine needles into specific body points. It is believed that this practice restores the balance of energy flow, known as Qi, within the body. Some investigations suggest that acupuncture can help reduce vertigo symptoms by improving blood circulation and reducing inflammation.

“Acupuncture can provide a safe and effective option for people looking for alternative treatment for vertigo.”

• Acupuncture stimulates the release of endorphins, which can help relieve pain and induce a feeling of relaxation.
• Studies have shown that acupuncture can improve balance and reduce the frequency and severity of vertigo episodes.
• It is important to go to a qualified and authorized acupuncturer to receive proper treatment.

2. Herbal remedies: herbal therapies have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to relieve various health conditions, including vertigo. It is believed that certain herbs, such as ginger and ginkgo biloba, have properties that can reduce dizziness and improve blood circulation.

1. Ginger: This root has ant i-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help reduce inflammation of the inner ear, a frequent cause of vertigo. Ginger can be consumed in infusion or taken as a supplement.
2. Ginkgo Biloba: This herb is known for its ability to improve blood flow and cognitive function. Some studies suggest that Ginkgo Biloba can also help relieve vertigo symptoms.

Although alternative therapies can offer a potential relief for vertigo, it is essential to consult a health professional before trying any new treatment. They can provide specific guidance for the condition of an individual and eliminate any potential interaction or risk. It is crucial to remember that alternative therapies should not replace traditional medical treatments, but that they can be used as complementary approaches to control and alleviate vertigo symptoms.

Preventing Future Episodes of Vertigo

1. Modifications of lifestyle: Making certain changes in lifestyle can play a crucial role in the prevention of future vertigo episodes. These modifications include

• Avoid sudden head movements or position changes that can trigger vertigo.
• Practice techniques to reduce stress, such as meditation or yoga, since stress can worsen symptoms.
• Guarantee adequate hydration drinking enough water throughout the day.
• Perform physical exercise regularly to maintain general health and improve balance.

2. Diet and nutrition: Following a healthy diet can also contribute to preventing future episodes of vertigo. Some dietary recommendations include:

1. Reduce salt consumption, as high sodium levels can cause fluid retention and worsen vertigo symptoms.
2. Include foods rich in vitamin D, such as fatty fish or fortified dairy products, as vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of vertigo.
3. Incorporate potassium-rich foods, such as bananas, avocados, and leafy green vegetables, as potassium plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the inner ear.

Important: It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional or specialist to determine the most appropriate dietary recommendations to control vertigo based on individual needs and underlying medical conditions.

3. Vestibular rehabilitation: Vestibular rehabilitation exercises, prescribed by a physical therapist, can help improve balance and reduce the severity and frequency of vertigo episodes. These exercises focus on improving the brain’s ability to process inner ear signals related to balance.

Managing Emotional and Psychological Impact of Vertigo

One of the key strategies to manage the emotional and psychological impact of vertigo is education and information. When people have knowledge about the disease, its causes, and the treatment options available, they can feel more empowered and in control of their health. Healthcare professionals can use the ul and ol blocks to present information in a clear and organized way, allowing patients to easily navigate the content.

Tip 1: Encourage patients to educate themselves about the vestibular system and how it works. This knowledge can help people understand why they experience vertigo and contribute to a sense of control.

Tip 2: Provide a list of triggers that can worsen vertigo symptoms, such as caffeine, alcohol, or certain medications. This can help patients make informed decisions about their lifestyle choices and avoid triggers that exacerbate their symptoms.

When to seek medical help for vertigo

If you are experiencing vertigo for the first time or if your symptoms are severe and debilitating, it is recommended to seek medical attention. This is especially important if the vertigo is accompanied by any of the following symptoms:

1. Intense headache
2. Vision problems, such as double vision or blurred vision
3. Hearing loss or changes in hearing
4. Difficulty speaking or slurred speech

Additionally, if you have a history of recurrent or chronic vertigo episodes, it is advisable that you consult a healthcare professional who can help you determine the underlying cause and offer you appropriate treatment options.

It is also important to seek medical help if you experience vertigo along with any of these risk factors:

• Recent cranial trauma
• High fever
• Pain or neck stiffness
• Background of migraines

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Author of the article

Dr.Greenblatt M.

Medical oncologist at the Robert Larner College of Medicine, MD, at the University of Vermont