Dizziness and vertigo – Causes, symptoms and treatments. Explore solutions to help control these common medical conditions.

Acting and dizziness are common sensations that people can experience in their daily lives. These terms are usually used indistinctly, but can refer to slightly different sensations. Dizziness is usually described as a feeling of fading or stunning, while vertigo is characterized by a feeling of turn or whirlwind. Both stun and dizziness can be disturbing and have various potential causes.

Causes of stunning and dizziness:

1. Low blood sugar levels: When the organism’s glucose levels descend too much, stun and dizziness can occur. This may be due to skip meals, fasting or certain medical conditions such as diabetes.
2. Dehydration: Inadequate fluid intake can cause dehydration, which in turn can cause stunning and dizziness. This is especially frequent when it is hot or intense physical activities are performed.
3. Internal ear problems: the internal ear plays a crucial role in the maintenance of balance. Conditions such as the Benign Paroxysmal positional vertigo (VPPB), Labyrintitis or Meniere’s disease can alter the functioning of the internal ear and cause dizziness.

Important information:

• If you experience stunning or dizziness that persist or are accompanied by chest pain, difficulty breathing, intense headache or loss of consciousness, seek immediate medical attention.
• Medications, such as antihypertensives or sedatives, can also cause stunning or dizziness as a side effect. Consult your doctor if you suspect your medications may be contributing to these symptoms.

It is important to remember that stunning and dizziness can have various underlying causes, from benign conditions to more serious ones. If you experience these symptoms frequently or significantly affect your daily activities, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional to obtain adequate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Lightheadedness and Dizziness: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Causes:

• Orthostatic hypotension: It occurs when blood pressure descends significantly when standing, which causes a temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain. It can be caused by dehydration, side effects of medicines or certain medical conditions.
• VPPB (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo): This condition occurs when small calcium crystals of the inner ear are detached and alter the normal equilibrium signals that are sent to the brain. This can cause brief episodes of intense dizziness or sensation of rotation, triggered by certain head movements.
• Migraña: Some people experience dizziness or vertigos as part of a migraine attack. These symptoms may appear with or without a headache and can be accompanied by visual alterations and sensitivity to light and sound.

It is important to keep in mind that stunning and dizziness may also be caused by more serious conditions, such as heart problems, neurological disorders or anemia. If these symptoms are persistent, serious or are accompanied by chest pain, breathing difficulty, intense headache or neurological alterations, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention.

Symptoms:

1. Fainting or stunning sensation
2. Sensation of turn or whirlwind (vertigo)
3. Loss of balance or instability
4. Nausea or vomiting
5. Blurred vision or visual alterations
6. Head pain or head pressure

Treatment:

The treatment of stunning and dizziness depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, simple lifestyle modifications can relieve symptoms, such as drinking enough liquid, avoiding sudden posture changes and exercising regularly. However, if the symptoms persist or worsen, medical intervention may be necessary.

Understanding Lightheadedness: Causes and Symptoms

There are several possible causes of stunning, and it is essential to understand these underlying factors to effectively control and treat this symptoms. A possible cause is a decrease in blood pressure, which may be due to several reasons, such as dehydration, secondary effects of underlying medication or health problems. Another possible cause is the problems of the inner ear, such as the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (VPPB) or Meniere’s disease, which can alter the equilibrium and coordination signals sent to the brain.

• Dehydration: Inadequate fluid intake can cause a decrease in blood volume, which translates into a decrease in blood pressure and stunning.
• Medication side effects: Certain medications, such as those used to treat high blood pressure or anxiety, can cause dizziness as a side effect.
• Inner ear problems: Inner ear conditions, such as BPPV or Meniere’s disease, can disrupt your sense of balance and cause lightheadedness.

1. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): This condition is characterized by an abnormal increase in heart rate when changing positions, causing lightheadedness when standing.
2. Anemia: A deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin can make it difficult to deliver oxygen to the brain and cause lightheadedness.
3. Hyperventilation: Rapid, shallow breathing can alter the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body and cause lightheadedness.

It is important to remember that dizziness may be a symptom of an underlying illness that requires proper evaluation and treatment. If you experience persistent or recurring dizziness, it is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.

Dizziness: Types and Possible Triggers

1. Vertigo: This type of dizziness is often described as a spinning or whirling sensation, in which people feel like their surroundings are moving when they are not. Vertigo can be caused by inner ear problems, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière’s disease, or vestibular neuronitis. It can also be caused by head trauma, migraines, or certain medications. In addition to the spinning sensation, people with vertigo may experience nausea, vomiting, and difficulty maintaining balance.

Important note: Vertigo should be evaluated by a healthcare professional as it may indicate an underlying condition that requires medical intervention.

Unlike vertigo, other types of dizziness do not have a sensation of spinning, but can make a person feel unstable or off balance. These types include

1. Dizziness: Dizziness refers to a feeling of lightheadedness or that one is going to pass out. It is usually caused by factors such as dehydration, low blood sugar, medication side effects, or standing up too quickly. Dazed people may experience a feeling of impending unconsciousness and have pale skin, rapid breathing, or a weak pulse.
2. Presyncope: Presyncope is similar to dizziness, but usually involves a deeper feeling of almost fainting without losing consciousness. It is usually associated with disorders such as orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure when standing up), arrhythmias, anemia or hyperventilation.
3. Imbalance: Imbalance refers to a feeling of instability or imbalance without spinning or dizziness. It is often associated with musculoskeletal problems, such as peripheral neuropathy, arthritis, or vestibular dysfunction. Older people may be more prone to imbalance due to age-related changes in sensory perception and coordination.

Important Note: If you experience any type of dizziness, it is always advisable to seek medical attention to obtain a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

The Connection between Lightheadedness and Dehydration

When the body is dehydrated, it begins to prioritize the distribution of available fluids to vital organs, limiting supply to less essential areas. Reducing fluid volume can cause a decrease in blood pressure, causing inadequate blood flow to the brain. This insufficient blood flow can cause lightheadedness and dizziness, as well as other symptoms such as fatigue, dry mouth, and increased heart rate. It is important to note that the severity of these symptoms can vary depending on the degree of dehydration and the person’s general health.

It is essential to treat dehydration promptly to avoid further complications and relieve symptoms. Maintaining adequate fluid intake throughout the day, especially during periods of increased physical activity, is crucial to preventing dizziness induced by dehydration. Additionally, consuming foods with high water content, such as fruits and vegetables, can contribute to overall hydration. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is recommended to seek medical attention to ensure adequate hydration and identify any underlying conditions contributing to lightheadedness.

Medications That Can Cause Dizziness

There are several types of medications that can cause dizziness. The following list provides an overview of some commonly prescribed medications that may cause this side effect:

• Antidepressants
• Antihypertensives
• Anxiolytics (anti-anxiety medications)
• Sedatives and hypnotics

Dizziness is a known side effect of these medications, as they can affect the central nervous system and the regulation of blood pressure in the body. It is important to note that not everyone experiences dizziness while taking these medications, and that the severity and duration of dizziness can vary from person to person. However, it is essential to exercise caution when starting a new medication and consult a healthcare professional if dizziness becomes persistent or significantly affects daily activities.

“Dizziness is a known side effect of some medications, such as antidepressants, antihypertensives, anti-anxiety medications, and sedatives.”

People taking these medications should be aware of the possible side effect of dizziness and take necessary precautions. It is advisable to avoid activities that require attention and coordination, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, until the body adapts to the medication. Additionally, getting up slowly from sitting or lying down can help minimize episodes of dizziness.

The Role of Anxiety in Lightheadedness

Anxiety-related dizziness can be attributed to several factors:

1. Hyperventilation: During periods of anxiety, people may experience rapid, shallow breathing, known as hyperventilation. This can lead to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood, causing dizziness or lightheadedness.
2. Increased muscle tension: Anxiety often causes increased muscle tension, especially in the neck, shoulders and head. This tension can restrict blood flow to the brain, causing a feeling of dizziness.
3. Changes in blood circulation: anxiety causes the body to enter a “struggle or flight” response, which triggers the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline. These hormones can affect the constriction of blood vessels and heart rate, which causes changes in blood circulation that contribute to dizziness.

In addition to these physiological factors, anxiety can also exacerbate the feeling of dizziness through psychological mechanisms. For example, people with anxiety can interpret normal body sensations as more serious or dangerous than they really are, which causes an increase in anxiety and dizzy perception.

It is important to note that, although anxiety can be a factor that contributes to dizziness, it is essential to consult a medical professional to rule out other possible underlying causes.

In short, anxiety can play an important role in dizziness. Understanding the physiological and psychological mechanisms that underlie this connection is essential to effectively address both anxiety and associated symptoms.

Lightheadedness and Low Blood Sugar: What You Need to Know

If frequent stunning episodes suffer, it is essential that you consider the possibility that the underlying cause is a low level of blood sugar. When blood sugar levels descend below normal, the body is deprived of the fuel it needs to work properly. This can cause a decrease in blood flow to the brain, with the consequent dizziness and stunning.

The most common symptoms of dizziness induced by a low level of blood sugar are the following

1. Sensation of dizziness or vertigo
2. Difficulty maintaining balance
3. Weakness and fatigue
4. Confusion or difficulty to concentrate
5. Sweating or wet skin
6. Irritability or humor changes

To control the dizziness caused by a low level of blood sugar, it is important to address the main cause. This implies making changes in the diet and lifestyle that help regulate and stabilize blood sugar levels. Try to take balanced foods that include a combination of carbohydrates, proteins and healthy fats. In addition, regular physical activity can help improve the sensitivity of the organism to insulin, allowing better blood sugar control.

It is essential that you regularly control your blood glucose levels, especially if you are prone to dizziness. If you notice significant descents in your blood sugar levels or if stunning episodes become more frequent, consult a healthcare professional.

Remember that dizziness can have several underlying causes, and low blood sugar is just one of them. It is advisable to see a doctor to obtain a proper diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan.

How to Manage and Alleviate Lightheadedness at Home

One of the first steps in controlling lightheadedness is to ensure adequate hydration. Dehydration can cause dizziness and lightheadedness, so it’s important to drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. This may include water, herbal teas and diluted fruit juices. Alternatively, electrolyte drinks can also help replenish fluids and minerals lost in the body.

• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids throughout the day.
• Avoid sudden changes in posture or standing for long periods of time.
• Limit caffeine and alcohol consumption, as they can contribute to dehydration.
• Consider using a humidifier to prevent dry air from making symptoms worse.

Important: If dizziness is accompanied by serious symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, or loss of consciousness, seek immediate medical attention as it may indicate a more serious underlying condition.

Another way to control dizziness at home is to avoid sudden changes in posture or standing for long periods of time. Sometimes these actions can trigger a drop in blood pressure and worsen symptoms. Instead, try to go slowly when moving from sitting or lying down to standing, giving your body time to adjust.

1. Slowly move from lying or sitting to standing.
2. Practice deep breathing exercises to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety.
3. Avoid excessive physical exertion or overheating.
4. Consider incorporating relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga into your daily routine.

Additionally, it is important to limit caffeine and alcohol consumption, as these substances can contribute to dehydration and worsen symptoms of motion sickness. Both caffeine and alcohol have diuretic effects, meaning they can increase urine production and cause fluid loss. Instead, opt for caffeine-free teas or drinks to stay hydrated.

Note: If dizziness persists or worsens despite home control techniques, it is recommended to consult a health professional for a more thorough evaluation.

Remember that these homemade strategies do not intend to replace the Medical Council and that, if you experience serious or persistent symptoms, it is always better for the doctor to identify and treat the underlying cause of dizziness.

When to Seek Medical Help for Lightheadedness and Dizzy Spells

It is important to seek medical help if you experience dizziness or dizziness accompanied by any of the following symptoms:

• Pain or discomfort in the chest: it can be a symptom of a heart condition, such as a heart attack or an angina. In these cases, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention.
• Fainting or loss of knowledge: if you fain or lose knowledge, you can indicate an underlying problem that must be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
• Intense headache: dizziness accompanied by a strong headache could be a sign of migraine or other serious condition that requires medical intervention.

It is important to seek medical help if you experience dizziness or dizziness accompanied by pain or chest discomfort, fainting or loss of consciousness, or intense headache.

In addition, it is advisable to consult the doctor if dizziness or vahid persists or worsens over time, occur frequently or are accompanied by other worrying symptoms, such as blurred vision, difficulty speaking or numbness of the limbs. Your doctor may evaluate your symptoms, perform the necessary tests and provide adequate treatment or derive a specialist if necessary.

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Author of the article

Dr.Greenblatt M.

Medical oncologist at the Robert Larner College of Medicine, MD, at the University of Vermont