Discover what to expect during pregnancy at 4 months and know the milestones and important changes for both you and your baby.

During the fourth month of pregnancy, future moms experience significant changes in their body as the development of their baby progresses. At this stage, the fetus has reached the size of a grapefruit and begins to show notable growth and functionality. This period is characterized by several key milestones, such as the baby’s ability to hear sounds, the formation of facial features and the development of organic systems.

1. Fetal Development: At the end of the fourth month, the fetus has grown to measuring about 8 centimeters and weighs around 1. 5 kilograms. At this time, the baby’s sex can be determined by ultrasound.
2. Auditory and sensory development: A great advance in the fourth month is the baby’s ability to hear external sounds. The auditory system begins to develop and the fetus can already perceive the voice of the mother and other noise of the outside world.
3. Facial traits: The fetus continues to develop facial features, which become more defined during this stage. The eyelids and eyebrows are formed, and small sprouts of teeth begin to develop under the gums.

Important note: It is essential that future mothers maintain regular prenatal attention during this period. Medical reviews, as well as adequate nutrition and exercise, are vital for both the health of the mother and for the optimal development of the baby.

Fetal development during the fourth month

Skeleton development: An important aspect of fetal development during the fourth month is the development and ossification of the skeleton. The tiny bones that were initially composed of cartilage harden and define more and more. This process occurs simultaneously in different parts of the body, such as arms, legs and skull.

• The bones of the extremities continue to grow and elongate.
• The baby’s hands and feet are completely separated and can already move independently.
• The skull bones remain flexible to allow the brain to continue to grow.

Organ formation: Throughout the fourth month, the baby’s internal organs continue to mature and develop. The respiratory system becomes more intricate and the lungs begin to produce surfactant, a substance necessary to breathe after birth. In addition, the reproductive organs are also developed:

• In men, the testicles descend from the abdomen to the scrotum.
• In females, ovaries are being formed and contain millions of primitive ovules.

Sensory development: In the fourth month, the fetus has also begun to develop certain sensory abilities. Their ears are becoming more intricate, with tiny bones forming inside, and can begin to hear sounds from the mother’s body. The eyelids, which were previously merged, are now separating, and the baby can even make facial expressions.

Physical changes in the mother at 4 months pregnant

During the second trimester of pregnancy, which usually covers from week 13 to 28, important physical changes in the mother’s body are produced. At 4 months of pregnancy, many women begin to experience notable transformations as their baby continues to grow and develop.

One of the most prominent changes that occur during this stage is the growth of the uterus. In the fourth month of pregnancy, the uterus has increased considerably in size and can already be noticed just above the pubic bone. As a result, the mother can begin to notice a visible bulge at the bottom of the abdomen. This growth is essential to accommodate the growing fetus and provide sufficient space for the baby to develop and move.

Physical changes in the mother at 4 months pregnant:

1. Expansion of the uterus: The uterus increases in size and can be noticed just above the pubic bone.
2. Visible protuberance: a bump becomes more evident at the bottom of the abdomen.
3. Breast changes: the breasts continue to increase in size and can become sensitive.
4. Skin changes: Some women may experience skin changes, such as darkening areolas or the appearance of a dark line in the abdomen (Nigra line).

During the second quarter, the mother’s body experiences notable changes to accommodate the growing baby. These physical transformations are signs of a healthy pregnancy and indicate that the baby is developing as expected.

It is important for expectant mothers to take care of their physical and emotional well-being during this period. Regular prenatal checkups and consultations with healthcare professionals can provide valuable guidance and ensure the health of both mother and baby. In addition, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly and controlling stress levels are essential aspects for a healthy pregnancy from 4 months onwards.

The Significance of Prenatal Care in the Second Trimester

During the second trimester, which spans from weeks 13 to 27 of gestation, several crucial changes occur in both the mother’s body and the growth of the fetus. Understanding and addressing these changes is crucial to ensuring a successful pregnancy. Prenatal care in the second trimester encompasses a wide range of medical interventions, such as regular check-ups, screening tests, and consultations with healthcare professionals such as obstetricians, gynecologists, and midwives.

Periodic check-ups: Going for regular check-ups during the second trimester allows health professionals to monitor the progress of the pregnancy, evaluate the mother’s general well-being and identify possible complications. These routine visits typically include measuring blood pressure, monitoring fetal growth, and checking for any signs of maternal discomfort or complications.

1. Screened:
   • Gestational diabetes screening
   • Detection of maternal anemia
   • Genetic testing
   • Ultrasounds

By prioritizing prenatal care during the second trimester, mothers-to-be can proactively address any potential complications and ensure optimal health for both themselves and their growing baby. Consulting medical professionals and following the recommended schedule of screenings and tests lays the foundation for a healthy pregnancy and facilitates early interventions when necessary.

Common discomforts and symptoms at 4 months pregnant

1. Nausea and morning nausea: One of the most frequent discomfort during pregnancy is nausea, often accompanied by vomiting, commonly known as morning nausea. Although the name suggests that they only occur in the morning, they can actually appear at any time of the day. Nausea and morning nausea usually reach their peak during the first quarter, but in some women they can continue until the fourth month. 1 These symptoms can be controlled by eating little and often, avoiding triggering foods and keeping hydrated.

• 1. Nausea and morning dizziness
  1. They occur throughout the day, not just in the morning.
  2. They are controlled by eating little and often and keeping hydrated.

Nutritional Needs and Diet Recommendations for a Healthy Pregnancy

1. Macronutrients: Macronutrients, which include carbohydrates, proteins and fats, are crucial to maintain energy levels and favor the general growth of the baby. It is recommended to include in the diet a variety of complex carbohydrates rich in fiber, such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Proteins are necessary for the development of the baby’s organs and tissues, and there are good sources, lean meats, fish, eggs, legumes and dairy products. Healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts and olive oil, should also be incorporated into the diet.

1. Vitamins and minerals: A balanced diet during pregnancy should include a wide range of vitamins and minerals to favor the growth and development of the baby. Some of the most important are
1. FOLATO: Also known as folic acid, this vitamin B is essential for the formation of the baby’s neural tube. Green leafy vegetables, citrus, beans and enriched cereals are good folding sources.
2. Iron: iron is necessary for the production of red blood cells and to prevent anemia in both the mother and the baby. Iro n-rich foods are lean meats, birds, fish, beans and enriched cereals.

Note: It is important that future mothers consult with your doctor to determine adequate vitamin and mineral supplements to complement your diet.

2. Hydration: Stay hydrated is crucial during pregnancy to favor the increase in blood volume and the formation of amniotic fluid. Pregnant women should try to drink at least 8-10 glasses of liquid per day, mainly water, to avoid dehydration and favor a healthy pregnancy.

Exercises and Activities Safe for the Mother at 4 Months Pregnant

1. Soft cardiovascular exercises: perform moderate cardiovascular exercises is usually safe for pregnant women at 4 months. Activities such as swimming, walks at a light pace, static bicycle and lo w-impact aerobic exercises can help improve heart health and maintain resistance without subjecting joints to excessive effort. It is essential to listen to the body and avoid activities that cause discomfort or difficulty breathing.

Recommended exercises for the mother at 4 months pregnant:

1. Prenatal yoga: Yoga classes specifically designed for pregnant women can be beneficial to improve flexibility, balance and relaxation. These classes usually focus on soft stretching, deep breathing and relaxation techniques, which help relieve discomfort related to pregnancy.
2. Strength training: low intensity resistance training with light weights or resistance bands, under the direction of a qualified prenatal fitness instructor, can help maintain muscle tone and strength during pregnancy. This can benefit the future mother during childbirth and postpartum recovery.

It is important that pregnant women avoid exercises that involve lying on their back or any activity with high risk of abdominal falls. Pregnant women should listen to their body, avoid overwriting and stop exercising if they experience dizziness, hemorrhages, chest pain or breathing difficulty. It is always recommended to consult with a health professional before starting any new exercise routine during pregnancy.

2. Pelvic floor exercises: Kegel’s exercises, which consist in contracting and relaxing pelvic soil muscles, are very beneficial for pregnant women. Strengthening these muscles can help minimize the risk of urinary incontinence and facilitate the delivery process. Kegel’s exercises, when they are done correctly, are sure to perform throughout pregnancy.

3. Walk: walking, a simple and low impact exercise, is a great way that pregnant women stay active and in good cardiovascular shape. It can be easily incorporated into the daily routine and can be done both indoors and outdoors.

Preparing for the upcoming ultrasound and gender reveal

Before ultrasound, it is advisable to consult with the health professional and collect relevant information about the procedure. The ultrasound, also known as Sonogram, uses high frequency sound waves to create images of the developing baby in the uterus. This no n-invasive and painless exam provides valuable information about health and the evolution of pregnancy. The healthcare professional will guide parents throughout the process, answering their questions and addressing any concerns they may have.

Important information:

• Drink a lot of water before the appointment to make sure you have full bladder, as this helps obtain more clear ultrasound images. However, avoid excessive consumption to avoid discomfort.
• It is advisable to wear baggy and comfortable clothes to facilitate access to the abdomen area during exploration.

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Author of the article

Dr.Greenblatt M.

Medical oncologist at the Robert Larner College of Medicine, MD, at the University of Vermont