Dizziness and nausea are frequent symptoms that may be due to various factors. These sensations can often present together and are usually associated with problems in the internal ear, the brain or the gastrointestinal system. Dizziness refers to a feeling of stunning, a feeling of turning or loss of balance, while nausea are a persistent sensation of stomach discomfort that often causes strong desire to vomit.
The causes of dizziness and nausea can be from mild temporary disorders to more serious underlying medical problems. A frequent cause of these symptoms is the benign postural vertigo (VPB), an internal ear disorder that occurs when tiny calcium crystals from the ear detach and affect the equilibrium signals that are sent to the brain. Other possible causes are migraines, inner ear infections, Meniere’s disease, low blood sugar levels, side effects of medicines and anxiety disorders.
It is important to seek medical attention if dizziness and nausea become frequent or serious, since they can greatly affect everyday activities and quality of life.
When dizziness and nausea are experienced, it is important to precisely describe symptoms to health professionals to facilitate diagnosis. Some accompanying symptoms to take into account are blurred vision, loss of hearing, fainting or loss of consciousness, neck pain, chest pain, lack of breath or difficulty speaking. These additional symptoms can help provide clues about the underlying cause of dizziness and nausea.
- Physical examination: A health professional can perform a series of tests to evaluate the balance, the movement of the eyes and coordination.
- Blood analysis: They can be done to check if there are hormonal imbalances, low blood sugar levels or signs of infection.
- Image tests: If necessary, image tests such as computerized tomography or magnetic resonance can be requested to examine the brain, internal ear or the gastrointestinal system.
- The treatment of dizziness and nausea depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, medications can be prescribed to control symptoms, such as drugs against vertigo or antiemetics to reduce nausea and vomiting.
- If the underlying cause is related to internal ear problems, the treatment may include maneuvers to relocate the disacorated calcium crystals or physiotherapy exercises to improve balance.
- Changes in lifestyle, such as reducing stress, avoiding triggers such as caffeine or alcohol, maintaining a balanced diet and exercising regularly, can also help relieve symptoms.
| Causes: | Symptoms: | Treatment: |
|---|---|---|
| Benign positional vertigo (VPB) | Dizziness, nausea, feeling of rotation | Repositioning maneuvers, medication |
| Migraines | Dizziness, nausea, intense headache | Analgesics, lifestyle changes |
| Internal ear infections | Dizziness, nausea, ear pain, hearing loss | Antibiotics, liquid drainage |
- Dizziness and Nausea: Causes and Symptoms
- Understanding Vertigo: A Common Cause of Dizziness
- Meniere’s Disease: The Relationship between Dizziness and Nausea
- The Relationship between Dizziness and Nausea in Meniere’s Disease
- Motion Sickness: Why Travelling Can Trigger Dizziness
- Medication Side Effects: How Certain Drugs Can Cause Dizziness and Nausea
- Common Medications that Can Cause Dizziness and Nausea
- Anxiety and Stress: The Psychological Factors behind Dizziness and Nausea
- Dehydration: How Inadequate Fluid Intake Can Result in Feelings of Dizziness and Nausea
- Pregnancy: Hormonal Changes and Their Relation to Dizziness and Nausea
- Seeking Medical Help: When Should You Be Concerned about Dizziness and Nausea?
Dizziness and Nausea: Causes and Symptoms
There are several possible causes of dizziness and nausea, which go from slight to serious. A frequent cause is viral gastroenteritis, also known as stomach flu. This infection can cause inflammation and irritation of the stomach and intestines, with symptoms such as dizziness and nausea. Another possible cause is the problems of the internal ear, such as the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (VPPB) or Meniere’s disease. The VPPB occurs when small calcium crystals from the inner ear detach and interfere with the normal movement of the fluids, which causes dizziness and nausea.
Important information:
- Dizziness and nausea may be due to various medical conditions. It is essential to identify the underlying cause to determine the proper treatment.
- Other possible causes are migraines, low blood pressure, the side effects of medicines, anxiety or panic disorders and dehydration.
- If dizziness and nausea are accompanied by serious symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing or loss of consciousness, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Identifying symptoms associated with dizziness and nausea can help diagnose the underlying cause. In addition to a feeling of dizziness and nausea, people can experience other symptoms such as headache, blurred vision, sweating or tachycardia. An adequate evaluation by a healthcare professional, which includes a complete medical history, a physical exam and, possibly, additional tests is vital to determine the exact cause and guide the proper treatment.
| Cause | Description |
|---|---|
| Viral gastroenteritis | Infection that causes stomach and intestinal inflammation and causes dizziness and nausea. |
| Internal ear problems | Conditions such as VPPB or Meniere disease that affect the normal functioning of the internal ear and cause dizziness and nausea. |
| Migraines | Recurring headaches that are usually accompanied by dizziness, nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. |
Understanding Vertigo: A Common Cause of Dizziness
One of the main causes of vertigo is an internal ear problem. The internal ear plays a vital role in maintaining balance and the detection of changes in the position of the head. When an alteration in the normal functioning of the internal ear occurs, for example due to an infection or injury, vertigo can occur. In addition, certain medical conditions such as Meniere’s disease, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (VPPB) and vestibular neuritis can also contribute to the development of vertigo.
Vertigo is a specific dizziness type characterized by a feeling of turn or whirlwind.
The vertigo can appear suddenly and without prior notice, which makes it an distressing experience for those who suffer from it. The feeling of turning can vary from mild to severe, and can last from seconds to several minutes or even hours. People with vertigo usually have difficulty maintaining balance, which increases the risk of falls and accidents.
- The vertigo is usually accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting and headache.
- Internal ear problems, such as infections or injuries, are a frequent cause of vertigo.
- Medical conditions such as Meniere’s disease, VPPB and vestibular neuritis can also contribute to vertigo.
- The vertigo can go from slight to serious and last from a few seconds to several hours.
When vertigo is experienced, it is essential to seek medical attention to obtain an adequate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. A health professional, such as an otolaryngologist or a neurologist, can perform an exhaustive evaluation to identify the underlying cause of vertigo. Treatment options may include medication, vestibular rehabilitation exercises or, in severe cases, surgery.
| Common causes of vertigo: | Common symptoms of vertigo: |
|---|---|
| Internal ear problems | Sensation of rotation |
| Meniere disease | Nausea |
| Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (VPPB) | Vomiting |
| Vestibular neuritis | Headache |
Meniere’s Disease: The Relationship between Dizziness and Nausea
One of the characteristic symptoms of Meniere’s disease is vertigo, often described as a sensation of spinning or dizziness. This vertigo can occur suddenly and without warning, and last from a few minutes to several hours. The severity of dizziness can vary from person to person, as some individuals experience mild episodes while others may become completely incapacitated during an attack. Along with dizziness, many patients also report feeling intense nausea and a general feeling of unsteadiness, which further deteriorates their overall well-being.
The Relationship between Dizziness and Nausea in Meniere’s Disease
Dizziness and nausea are closely interconnected in people with Meniere’s disease. The inner ear plays a crucial role in both balance and coordination of eye movements, and when affected by excessive fluid buildup, these functions are significantly impaired.
Motion Sickness: Why Travelling Can Trigger Dizziness
The main cause of motion sickness is a sensory imbalance that occurs when the information received by the senses does not match. This discrepancy between what the eyes see and what the inner ear perceives can cause feelings of dizziness and nausea. When traveling, the visual system can detect a stable environment, such as the interior of a vehicle, while the vestibular system, located in the inner ear, perceives movement. This conflicting information can confuse the brain and cause symptoms to appear.
I knew it?
- It is estimated that between 30 and 60% of people suffer from motion sickness in various travel situations.
- Women and children are more prone to motion sickness than men.
- Genetics is believed to influence the propensity for motion sickness.
- Motion sickness can also be triggered by reading, looking at electronic screens, or playing video games in a moving vehicle.
Common symptoms of motion sickness Symptoms Description Dizziness Feeling dizzy or unstable. Nausea Feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often accompanied by the urge to vomit. Vomiting Expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. Sweating Excessive sweating, often associated with feelings of discomfort. Medication Side Effects: How Certain Drugs Can Cause Dizziness and Nausea
Dizziness and nausea are common side effects of many medications in different categories. Some drugs directly affect the central nervous system, causing these symptoms, while others may have indirect effects on specific body systems. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these side effects can help healthcare professionals and patients make more informed decisions about medication use.
Common Medications that Can Cause Dizziness and Nausea
- Antidepressants: Certain antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), are known to cause dizziness and nausea in some individuals.
- Antihypertensives: Some medications used to control high blood pressure, such as beta blockers, calcium antagonists, and vasodilators, can cause dizziness and nausea as a side effect.
- Antibiotics: Certain antibiotics, including macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, have been associated with dizziness and nausea in some patients.
Dizziness and nausea caused by medications should not be ignored, as they can interfere with a person’s ability to perform everyday tasks and may require medication dosage adjustments or alternative treatment options. It is important that people report these side effects to their healthcare providers for proper evaluation and treatment.
Medication class Common side effects Antidepressants Dizziness, nausea, headache Antihypertensives Dizziness, nausea, fatigue Antibiotics Dizziness, nausea, gastrointestinal discomfort Although experiencing dizziness and nausea as a side effect of medication can be distressing, it is essential not to stop any prescribed medication without consulting a healthcare professional. He/she can evaluate the possible benefits and risks of the medication and make necessary adjustments. Additionally, adopting strategies such as sitting down or standing up slowly, staying hydrated, and eating small, frequent meals can help alleviate these symptoms to some extent.
Anxiety and Stress: The Psychological Factors behind Dizziness and Nausea
Dizziness is often experienced as feeling lightheaded, unsteady, or spinning. When anxiety and stress levels are high, the body’s fight or flight response is activated, causing various physiological changes. The release of stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, can affect blood flow and cause hyperventilation. These processes can disrupt the balance system in the inner ear, contributing to dizziness.
Table: Physical symptoms of anxiety and stress
Physical symptoms Explanation Dizziness Disturbance of the balance system of the inner ear due to stress-induced changes in blood flow. Nausea Activating the body’s fight or flight response can affect digestion and cause feelings of discomfort. Hyperventilation Accelerated breathing due to increased respiratory rate, which causes changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the body. Nausea, meanwhile, are a feeling of discomfort in the stomach that can be accompanied by desire to vomit. Anxiety and stress can affect the gastrointestinal system, causing changes in digestion and an increase in muscle contractions. These physiological responses can cause feeling of discomfort or nausea. In addition, the release of stress hormones can also suppress appetite and weaken the immune system, contributing even more to these symptoms.
It is important to recognize that dizziness and nausea can have both physical and psychological origin. Addressing anxiety and stress underlying through adequate interventions, such as therapy, stress control techniques and lifestyle changes, can often relieve these symptoms and improve general wel l-being.
Dehydration: How Inadequate Fluid Intake Can Result in Feelings of Dizziness and Nausea
When our body does not receive enough liquids, especially water, dehydration can occur. Dehydration may be due to several causes, such as inappropriate fluid intake, excessive sweating, vomiting or diarrhea. Regardless of the cause, the consequences of dehydration can be uncomfortable and potentially dangerous.
- Dizziness: One of the most common symptoms of dehydration is dizziness. When the body lacks sufficient liquids, blood volume decreases, and this volume reduction can harm oxygen flow and nutrients to the brain. As a result, people may experience a feeling of dizziness, feeling to go around or difficulty maintaining balance.
- Nausea: Together with dizziness, nausea are another common symptom associated with dehydration. The mechanism that underlies this symptom is not yet known at all, but it is believed that the body’s response to dehydration can trigger the release of certain hormones and chemical substances that can cause sensation of nausea and discomfort in the stomach.
Important: It is crucial to treat dehydration promptly to avoid more serious complications. If dizziness and nausea symptoms persist, it is advisable to seek medical attention and guarantee adequate hydration.
Pregnancy: Hormonal Changes and Their Relation to Dizziness and Nausea
One of the main hormones involved in pregnancy is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). This hormone is produced by the placenta and is responsible for maintaining pregnancy in its early stages. HCG levels increase rapidly during the first quarter and gradually decrease as pregnancy progresses. In addition to its role in the maintenance of pregnancy, HCG has been related to the appearance of dizziness and nausea in pregnant women.
Hormonal changes, especially the increase in HCG levels, can trigger dizziness and nausea in pregnant women.
Estrogen and progesterone are two other hormones that experience significant changes during pregnancy. Estrogen levels increase dramatically and reach their maximum in the second quarter, contributing to various physiological changes in the body. Progesterone plays a crucial role in the maintenance of pregnancy by relaxing the uterus muscles and preventing premature contractions. These hormonal fluctuations can also contribute to the appearance of dizziness and nausea in pregnant women.
In addition, the increase in blood volume during pregnancy, combined with changes in hormonal levels, can cause fluctuations in blood pressure. This can contribute even more to the feeling of dizziness and stunning. It is essential that health professionals monitor these changes and offer adequate guidance and support to pregnant women who experience these symptoms.
Seeking Medical Help: When Should You Be Concerned about Dizziness and Nausea?
A key factor that must be taken into account when evaluating dizziness and nausea is the frequency and duration of episodes. If these symptoms occur frequently and persist for prolonged periods or if they suddenly become more intense, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional. In addition, the presence of other accompanying symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing or intense headache could indicate a more serious medical condition that requires immediate attention. It is always better to sin causing and seek medical help in case of doubt or concern.
Important information:
- If dizziness and nausea are intense and sudden, seek immediate medical help.
- Consult a healthcare professional if these symptoms persist for a prolonged period or worsen over time.
- Pay attention to other accompanying symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing or intense headache.
In addition to the frequency and severity of symptoms, it is essential to take into account any possible trigger or underlying medical condition. Dizziness and nausea may be due to various factors, such as a low level of blood sugar, internal ear problems, migraines, side effects of medication or even conditions such as vertigo or labyrinthitis. It is essential that you communicate to your health professional any relevant information, such as recent changes in medication, dietary habits or other symptoms that you may be experiencing. This will help you evaluate your condition more accurately and provide adequate medical orientation.
Author of the article
Dr.Greenblatt M.Medical oncologist at the Robert Larner College of Medicine, MD, at the University of Vermont
