Discover the different types of medication for ADHD with an informative table. Find the right treatment for you or your loved one.

Discover the different types of ADHD medication with an informative table. Find the right treatment for you or your loved one.

ADHD (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults and is usually treated with medication. There are several different types of medication for ADHD, each with their own properties and benefits. Knowing the different options can help people control their symptoms effectively and make informed decisions about their treatment plan.

Below is an exhaustive table describing the different types of medication used to treat ADHD:

Types of medication for ADHD
Name Category Common brands
Ritalin Stimulating Concerta, Daytrana
ADDERALL Stimulating Vyvanse, Dexedrine
Strattera Not stimulating

Stimulating medications: stimulating medications, such as Ritalin and Adderall, are the most prescribed for ADHD. They act by increasing the levels of certain chemical substances in the brain that help improve the concentration, attention and control of impulses.

No n-stimulating medications: Strattera is an example of no n-stimulating medication used to treat ADHD. It acts affecting norepinephrine levels in the brain, helping to improve attention and reduce hyperactivity.

Types of ADHD Medication Chart

Stimulating medications:

  • Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta): This stimulating medicine acts by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, improving attention and reducing hyperactivity. It is available in immediate release and prolonged release.
  • Amphetamine (Adderall, Vyvanse): These stimulating medications also increase dopamine and norepinephrine, helping to improve concentration and reduce impulsivity. Adderall is available in immediate and prolonged forms of release, while Vyvanse is a prolonged release medication.
  • Dexmethylyphenidate (focalin): similar to methylphenidate, this stimulating medicine is available in the form of immediate release and prolonged release. It can help improve attention and reduce hyperactivity.

Stimulant medications are usually considered the first line of treatment for ADHD due to their effectiveness to reduce symptoms. It is important to collaborate closely with a healthcare professional to find the appropriate dose and control the possible side effects.

No n-stimulating medications:

  • Atomoxetine (Strattera): This non-stimulant medication works by increasing levels of norepinephrine in the brain, helping to improve attention and reduce impulsive behavior. It is often used when stimulant medications are not well tolerated or ineffective.
  • Guanfacine (Intuniv): This non-stimulant medication may help improve attention and reduce impulsivity by acting on norepinephrine receptors in the brain. It is usually used as a complementary treatment in combination with stimulant medications.
  • Clonidine (Kapvay): Similar to guanfacine, clonidine acts on norepinephrine receptors and may help improve ADHD symptoms. It is also often used as a complementary treatment.

Non-stimulant medications may be appropriate for people who do not respond well to or cannot tolerate stimulants. They often have a different mechanism of action and may provide alternative treatment options to manage ADHD symptoms.

It is important to note that the table above is not exhaustive and that there may be other medications available to treat ADHD. Each individual’s response to medication may vary, and it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the patient’s specific needs and circumstances.

Stimulant Medications

There are two main types of stimulant medications used for the treatment of ADHD: methylphenidate-based medications and amphetamine-based medications. Methylphenidate-based medications, such as Ritalin and Concerta, are commonly prescribed and work by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Amphetamine-based medications, such as Adderall and Vyvanse, work in a similar way by increasing levels of these neurotransmitters.

Note: Stimulant medications should be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional and the dosage may vary depending on the individual’s needs and response to the medication. It is important to adhere to the prescribed dosage and schedule to ensure optimal effectiveness and minimize potential side effects.

Stimulant medications are available in various formulations: tablets, capsules, and extended-release formulas. The choice of formulation depends on the treatment plan, lifestyle and preferences of each person. Some people may prefer the convenience of a once-daily extended-release formulation, while others may need more flexibility with immediate-release formulations that can be taken multiple times a day.

Types of Stimulant Medications for ADHD:

Methylphenidate-based medications Amphetamine medications
  • Ritalin (Short Action)
  • Concerta (prolonged release)
  • Focalin (short action)
  • Daytrana (patch)
  • ADDERALL (IMMEDIATE LIBERATION)
  • ADDERALL XR (Prolonged Liberation)
  • Vyvanse (Profármaco)
  • Dexedrina (short action)

Non-Stimulant Medications for ADHD

No n-stimulating medications act differently in the brain than stimulants. Dopamine levels do not increase in the brain, but act on other neurotransmitters involved in ADHD. These medications are usually considered when people do not respond well or experience intolerable side effects with stimulating medications.

No n-stimulating medications can be used as a firs t-line treatment or in combination with stimulating medications to improve symptoms control. They can also be preferable for people with specific medical disorders or history of substance abuse.

  • Atomoxetine (Strattera): This medicine is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake (IRSN) approved for the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents and adults. Increase norepinephrine levels in the brain, improving attention and reducing hyperactivity and impulsivity. Atomoxetine is usually taken once a day and its effects can last all day.
  • No n-indicated use of Guðmundur Guðmundsson Magnussonik 🙂 – This medicine is not approved for the treatment of ADHD, but some health professionals prescribe it out of indication to control the symptoms of ADHD. Guðmundur Guðmundsson Magnussonik acts by blocking certain brain receptors, which can help regulate attention and behavior.
  • BUPROPION (Wellbutrin): Although it is mainly used as antidepressant, bupropion has also proven effective in the treatment of ADHD. It acts on dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, improving the symptoms of lack of attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. In some cases, bupropion can be prescribed out of indication for ADHD.

Short-acting Medications

One of the short action medications that are usually prescribed for ADHD is methylphenidate, commercially known as Ritalin. Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant that acts on the chemical substances of the brain that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. It is available in several ways, such as immediate release tablets, chewable tablets and a liquid solution.

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

  • Type: stimulating
  • Duration: Normally from 3 to 4 hours
  • Presentation: immediate release tablets, chewable tablets, liquid solution
  • Frequent side effects: decrease in appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomach pain

Another short-acting medication used for ADHD is amphetamine, available under the brand name Adderall. Amphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that works by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain that affect impulse control and hyperactivity. Adderall is also available in immediate-release tablets and has a relatively short duration of action.

Amphetamine (Adderall)

  • Type: stimulating
  • Duration: Normally 4 to 6 hours
  • Form: Immediate release tablets
  • Common side effects: Increased heart rate, decreased appetite, problems sleeping

It is important to keep in mind that these medications are usually taken several times throughout the day to maintain their effectiveness. Short-acting medications may be prescribed along with longer-acting medications to provide consistent symptom control throughout the day. The specific dosage and frequency of administration should be determined by a healthcare professional based on each person’s unique needs and response to the medication.

Long-acting Medications

Long-acting medications for ADHD come in different forms, such as capsules, tablets, or patches. These medications work by altering the levels of brain chemicals related to attention and impulse control. They help improve concentration, reduce hyperactivity and improve self-control. Long-acting medications are usually prescribed by healthcare professionals based on each person’s specific symptoms and needs.

The following are some commonly prescribed long-acting medications for ADHD:

  1. Extended-release (ER) methylphenidate: This medication is available as capsules or tablets and is usually taken once a day. Releases the medication slowly into the bloodstream, providing long-lasting relief for up to 12 hours. Methylphenidate is a stimulant that helps increase attention and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. It is one of the most used medications for ADHD.

  2. Mixed Amphetamine Extended Release (XR) Salts: This medication is available in capsule form and is also taken once a day. It contains a combination of amphetamine salts that act by stimulating certain areas of the brain responsible for attention and behavioral control. Extended-release amphetamine provides relief for up to 10-12 hours and is commonly used in the treatment of ADHD.

In addition to these medications, there are other long-acting options, such as atomoxetine and extended-release guanfacine. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate medication and dosage for individual needs. The effectiveness and side effects of long-acting medications can vary from person to person, so it is essential to closely monitor their use and make adjustments as necessary. Along with medication, behavioral therapy and lifestyle modifications can also play a crucial role in managing ADHD symptoms.

Immediate-release Medications

There are several immediate-release medications available for the treatment of ADHD, each with its own characteristics and benefits. One of the most prescribed immediate-release medications is methylphenidate, which is marketed under various brand names, such as Ritalin and Concerta. Another option is amphetamine salts, found in medications such as Adderall and Dextroamphetamine. These medications are available in different concentrations and formulations to suit individual needs and preferences.

Methylphenidate:

  • Available in tablets or capsules
  • It can be taken with or without food
  • The effects usually last 4 to 6 hours
  • May cause side effects such as decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping

Amphetamine salts:

  • Available in immediate release tablets
  • Should be taken with or without food
  • The effects usually last 4 to 6 hours
  • Possible side effects: increased heart rate and blood pressure
Medication Guy Shape Administration Duration of effects Common side effects
Methylphenidate Stimulating Tablets, capsules With or without food 4-6 hours Decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping
Amphetamine salts Stimulating Immediate release tablets With or without food 4-6 hours Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure

Extended-release Medications

Extended-release medications offer several advantages over immediate-release medications:

  • They provide constant symptom monitoring throughout the day, allowing you to maintain concentration and attention for longer periods.
  • They help minimize the risk of dosing errors or missed doses, as they only need to be taken once or twice a day.
  • They tend to have a softer onset and delay of action, which translates into a more gradual and sustained effect.

One of the most prescribed prolonged release medications for ADHD is Concerta, available in tablets. It contains the active methylphenidate substance and uses an oral control system of controlled osmotic release. This system releases the medication gradually for a prolonged period, providing relief of symptoms for a maximum of 12 hours. Another prolonged release medication is Daytrana, a transdermal patch that manages the methylphenidate active substance through the skin. This patch provides continuous control of symptoms for a maximum of 9 hours.

Comparison of some prolonged release medications for ADHD:
Medication Pharmaceutical form Duration of action
Concert Compressed Up to 12 hours
Daytrana Transdermal patch Up to 9 hours
Vyvanse Capsule Up to 14 hours

It is important to keep in mind that prolonged release medications should only be taken according to medical prescription. The dose and the duration of the action may vary depending on individual needs and the response to the medication. It is necessary to go to the doctor periodically to control efficiency and adjust the dose if necessary. Prolonged release medications can be a valuable treatment option for people with ADHD, since they provide constant control of symptoms and improve daily functioning.

Combination Medications

In ADHD treatment, combined medications can often be an effective solution. These medications combine two or more drugs that act together to control symptoms and improve operation. By combining different types of medications, health professionals can customize the treatment plan to meet the specific needs of each individual.

One of the combined medications that are usually prescribed is a stimulant and a no n-stimulating. Stimulants are the most used medications to treat ADHD, since dopamine levels in the brain increase, which helps improve concentration and reduce impulsivity. No n-stimulants, on the other hand, act by altering norepinephrine levels in the brain, which also helps regulate attention and behavior. By combining both types of medications, patients may experience a more complete improvement of symptoms.

Benefits of Combination Medications:

  • Greater control of symptoms: The combination of medications can provide a more specific approach to control the symptoms of ADHD.
  • Greater flexibility: by combining different medications, health professionals can adjust the doses and drug types to find the most effective treatment for each patient.
  • Reducing side effects: In some cases, combining medications can help reduce side effects associated with a single medication, as lower doses of each drug may be necessary.

Important note: Combined medications should only be prescribed and monitored by a healthcare professional. It is crucial to follow your instructions and regularly communicate any changes in symptoms or concerns.

Common Combination Medications:

Drug name Combination
Adderall XR Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine
Vyvanse Lisdexamfetamine and dextroamphetamine
Intuniv Atomoxetine and guanfacine

Medications for Specific Symptoms

Lack of attention: One of the main symptoms of ADHD is inattention, which can manifest as difficulty staying focused, being easily distracted, and having difficulty completing tasks. Medications used to treat inattention include stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamines. These medications increase levels of certain brain chemicals that regulate attention and concentration. They can help people with ADHD stay on task, improve concentration, and reduce feelings of restlessness. It is important to keep in mind that these medications must be prescribed and monitored by a healthcare professional to ensure an adequate dosage and minimize possible side effects.

Stimulant medications for inattention:

  • Methylphenidate (e. g. Ritalin)
  • Amphetamines (e. g. Adderall)

Hyperactivity and impulsivity: Hyperactivity and impulsivity are common symptoms of ADHD, often making it difficult to control actions and impulses. Medications such as alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and non-stimulant medications may be prescribed to treat these specific symptoms. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists work by stimulating specific receptors in the brain, which helps regulate impulsive behavior and reduce hyperactivity. On the other hand, non-stimulant medications typically have a milder effect on the central nervous system and may be a suitable alternative for those who cannot tolerate stimulant medications.

Medications for hyperactivity and impulsivity:

  • Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (such as clonidine)
  • Non-stimulant medications (for example, Atomoxetine)

Types of ADHD Medications
Type of medication Examples
Stimulants Methylphenidate (e. g., Ritalin), Amphetamines (e. g., Adderall)
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists Clonidine
Non-stimulant medications Atomoxetine

Author of the article
Dr.Greenblatt M.
Dr.Greenblatt M.
Medical oncologist at the Robert Larner College of Medicine, MD, at the University of Vermont

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