Discover an extensive list of antihistamines used to treat allergies and relieve symptoms. Find the appropriate medication for you.

Antihistamines are a class of drugs usually used to treat various allergic conditions and symptoms. These medications act by blocking the histamine action, a natural substance of the organism that triggers allergic reactions. Antihistamines can relieve symptoms such as sneezing, itching, nasal secretion and crying eyes. There are several types of antihistamines, each with unique characteristics and different degrees of sedative effects. Here is a summary of some antihistamines of common use:

First-Generation Antihistamines:

1. 1. Diphenhydramine (commercial brand: benadryl):

Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine of very widespread use that is sold without a medical recipe, is effective in relieving the symptoms of allergy, but is also known for its sedative effects. It can cause drowsiness and can alter the mental alert state, so it is less ideal for use during the day.

2. 2. Chlorfeniramina (Commercial name: Chlor-trimeton):

This firs t-generation antihistamine is usually used to treat allergic and urticaria rhinitis. Although it can also cause drowsiness, in general it is considered less sedative than diphenhydramine.

Second-Generation Antihistamines:

1. Loratadine (Commercial name: claritin):

Loratadine is an antihistamine no n-sedative of prolonged action. It provides relief of allergy symptoms without causing significant drowsiness, so it is a preferred option for daytime use.

2. Cetirizina (Commercial Brand: Zyrtec):

Cetirizine is another second generation antihistamine known for its no n-drowsiness formula. It is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, urticaria and other allergic reactions.

Third-Generation Antihistamines:

1. Fexofenadina (Commercial Brand: Allegra):

Fexofenadine is a more recent antihistamine that offers a no n-sedative relief of hay fever, itching and other symptoms of allergy. It has a rapid start of action and a long duration of the effect.

2. DRINKS (COMMERCIAL NAME: CLARINEX):

Drapping is a very effective third generation antihistamine to relieve nasal and ocular symptoms of allergies. It is less likely to cause drowsiness compared to firs t-generation antihistamines.

• Important points to be remembered about antihistamines:
• Some firs t-generation antihistamines can cause drowsiness and alter coordination.
• Second and third generation antihistamines have reduced sedative effects.

Always consult with a health professional before starting to take any new medicine, including antihistamines, to guarantee safety and adaptation to your specific state of health.

First Generation Antihistamines

Important data on firs t-generation antihistamines:

1. They were discovered in the 1940s and were the first antihistamines available for the public.
2. These antihistamines have a strong sedative effect, which can cause drowsiness and alter cognitive function.
3. They are usually used to treat allergies such as hay fever, hives and allergic conjunctivitis.

“First generation antihistamines are known for their sedative properties, which make them less recommended for certain people, such as those who need to stay alert or handle machinery.”

These antihistamines can be acquired with or without a medical recipe. Some common examples of first-generation antihistamines are diphenhydramine (benadryl), chlorpheniramine (chlor-trimet on) and bromfeniramine (dimetapp.) Are usually more affordable compared to new generation antihistamineImportant inconvenience for those who need to be alert during the day.

Second Generation Antihistamines

Second generation antihistamines, also known as no n-sedative antihistamines, have a clear advantage over firs t-generation antihistamines, since they do not cause so much drowsiness. This makes them more suitable for people who need to remain alert and concentrated throughout the day, especially professionals, students or people who handle heavy machinery. In addition, second generation antihistamines have a longer action duration and provide relief for 24 hours, which allows them to take them once a day, compared to the multiple daily doses required by firs t-generation antihistamines.

Comparison of First and Second Generation Antihistamines

First generation antihistamines:

• Highly sedative
• Short action duration
• Need for multiple daily doses

Second generation antihistamines:

• Not sedative
• Longer action duration (up to 24 hours)
• Dosage once a day

Some wel l-known second generation antihistamines are cetirizine, lauratadine and fexofenadine. These medications can be acquired with or without recipe, depending on the dose and the specific product. Although secon d-generation antihistamines provide effective relief of allergy symptoms, it is importantof medications.

Over-the-Counter Antihistamines

1. Cetirizina (Commercial Brand: Zyrtec)

Cetirizine is a no n-sleepy antihistamine that is frequently used to treat hay fever, allergic and hives rhinitis. It acts preventing H1 receptors from joining histamine, thus reducing allergic symptoms. This free sale medicine is presented in tablets and in liquid form, and its effects can last up to 24 hours. In general, cetirizin is safe for adults and children over two years old, although a healthcare professional should be consulted before administering it to young children.

• Active substance: Cetirizin hydrochloride
• Regular dose: 10mg compressed or 5mg/5ml liquid
• Possible side effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, headache.

2. Loratadina (Commercial name: claritin)

Loratadine is another very popular free sale antihistamine that relieves various symptoms of allergy. It is usually used to treat hay fever, hives and itching caused by chronic skin conditions. Loratadine acts by blocking H1 receptors, preventing histamine from providing allergic reactions. This medicine is available in the form of tablets, chewable and liquid tablets. In general, it is safe for both adults and children from two years.

• Active substance: Loratadina
• Regular dose: 10mg compressed or 5mg/5ml liquid
• Possible side effects: headache, dry mouth, fatigue

Note: It is important to read and follow the instructions on the product label, since the doses and instructions can vary between the different brands. If allergy symptoms persist or get worse after using free sales antihistamines, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional.

3. Fexofenadine (brand: allegra)

Fexofenadine is a no n-drowns antihistamine that is usually used to treat seasonal allergies such as hay fever. It acts blocking the organism’s H1 receptors, thus reducing the symptoms of allergy. This free sale medicine is presented in tablets and in liquid form and, in general, is safe for adults and children from six years. It is important to keep in mind that Fexofenadine can interact with certain medications, so it is recommended to consult a health professional before using it.

• Active substance: fexofenadine hydrochloride
• Regular dose: 180mg compressed or 30mg/5ml liquid
• Possible side effects: headache, dizziness, nausea

Prescription Antihistamines: A Comprehensive Guide

1. Second generation antihistamines:

• Loratadine: Also known by its brand name Claritin, loratadine is a popular second-generation antihistamine that provides effective relief for hay fever, itching, and other allergic reactions. This medication does not cause drowsiness and is available in tablets and syrup.
• Fexofenadine: Marketed as Allegra, fexofenadine belongs to the class of second-generation antihistamines. It offers long-lasting relief from seasonal allergies and chronic hives without causing significant drowsiness. This medicine is available in tablets and liquid.
• Cetirizine: Cetirizine, commonly sold as Zyrtec, is another widely prescribed second-generation antihistamine. It effectively treats various allergic conditions and can be found in the form of tablets, chewable tablets and syrup.

It is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking prescription antihistamines, as they may interact with other medications or have possible side effects. Additionally, dosing instructions must be strictly followed to ensure safe and effective treatment.

2. Third generation antihistamines:

1. Levocetirizine: Levocetirizine, marketed under the brand name Xyzal, is a third-generation antihistamine widely prescribed for allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. This medication provides long-lasting relief with minimal sedative effects.
2. Desloratadine: Desloratadine, marketed as Clarinex, is another third-generation antihistamine that effectively treats hay fever and chronic idiopathic urticaria. It offers 24-hour symptom relief without causing drowsiness.

Before you start taking a prescription antihistamine, it is essential that you inform your doctor of any illnesses or allergies you have. It can help you determine the most appropriate medication and advise you on possible interactions or precautions.

Antihistamines for Allergies

There are several types of antihistamines, both free sale and with recipe. They are presented in tablets, capsules, liquids, nasal aerosols and eyelets. Some antihistamines, called firs t-generation antihistamines, can cause drowsiness and are usually used to help reconcile sleep in case of allergies related problems. Others, known as second generation antihistamines, are less likely to cause drowsiness and are suitable for use during the day.

First-generation Antihistamines

First generation antihistamines include drugs such as diphenhydramine (benadryl) and chlorpheniramine (chlor-trimeton). These medications block the action of histamines in the body, relieving symptoms such as nasal dripping, eyes and sneezing. However, due to their sedative effects, these antihistamines are not recommended for activities that need to be alert, such as driving or driving machinery.

• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
• Chlorpheniramine (chlor-trimeton)
• Bromfeniramina (Dimetane)

First generation antihistamines can also have other side effects, such as dry mouth, blurred vision and difficulty urinating. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare professional before taking any medication, especially if you suffer from any underlying disease.

Second-generation Antihistamines

Second generation antihistamines, such as Lorateradine (claritin) and cetirizin (Zyrtec), are more recent medications that provide a similar allergy relief without causing so much drowsiness. In general, these antihistamines are considered safer for use during the day and are usually preferred by people who need to remain alert and concentrated throughout the day.

1. Loratadina (claritin)
2. Cetirizina (Zyrtec)
3. Fexofenadine (Allegra)

Second generation antihistamines usually have a longer action than first generation. They also have a lower risk of side effects, such as dry mouth and blurred vision. However, it is important to read the label and follow the instructions, since some secon d-generation antihistamines can cause drowsiness in some people.

Side Effects of Antihistamines

1. Frequent side effects:

• Somnolence: Many antihistamines have a sedative effect, causing drowsiness or fatigue. This can affect a person’s ability to perform certain tasks, such as driving or handling heavy machinery. It is important to avoid activities that require mental acuity until the sedative effects of medication disappear.
• Dry Boca: Antihistamines can reduce saliva production, which causes a feeling of dryness and discomfort in the mouth. Chuping pieces of ice or drinking water can help relieve this symptoms.
• Blurred vision: Some people may experience temporary changes in vision, such as blurred or double vision, while taking antihistamines. This side effect usually disappears on its own when the treatment is interrupted.

Note: It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking antihistamines, since they can interact with other medications or medical conditions. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also consult a doctor before using antihistamines.

2. Less frequent side effects:

1. Nausea and vomiting: certain antihistamines can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, causing nausea and episodes of vomiting. Taking food medication or adjusting the dose can help minimize these side effects.
2. Headache: Some people may suffer headaches or migraines as a result of the taking of antihistamines. It is important to comment on this side effect with a healthcare professional to explore alternative treatment options.
3. Urinary retention: rarely, antihistamines can interfere with the function of the bladder, making it difficult to empty it. This can cause urinary retention and discomfort. If this occurs, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Important: The list of side effects is not exhaustive, and individuals may experience other less common or rare adverse reactions. If you experience any unusual or severe side effect while taking antihistamines, it is crucial to contact a healthcare professional to guide you.

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Author of the article

Dr.Greenblatt M.

Medical oncologist at the Robert Larner College of Medicine, MD, at the University of Vermont