Brown decoration of feet nails – causes, symptoms and treatment options

Discoloration of feet nails can be worrying, especially when it is observed that the nail is brown. This change in nail color may be due to various factors, from minor problems to more serious underlying medical conditions. It is important to pay attention to these changes, since they can serve as potential indicators of an underlying health problem.

In most cases, brown discoloration of feet nails is due to a condition called onychomycosis. This fungal infection is commonly known as fungi in the fingernails. Fungi proliferate in warm and humid environments, so feet nails are susceptible to infection. When it is infected, the foot nail may seem brown, thickened and brittle. If it is not, it can be extended to other nails of the feet, causing more discoloration and discomfort.

Important: brown toenail decoration can also be a sign of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. It is essential to monitor the changes of color, shape and size of the foot nail. It is highly advisable to consult a healthcare professional to rule out any serious condition.

It is crucial to distinguish between fungal and melanoma infection, since they require different approaches for diagnosis and treatment. To determine the cause of brown discoloration, it is necessary for a dermatologist or podiatrist to perform an exhaustive exam. They can request a sample of the affected foot nail to perform laboratory tests, which can help identify the specific cause and guide appropriate treatment options.

Understanding the Causes of Brown Discoloration on Toe Nails

Infection: One of the main causes of brown toenail decoloration is fungal infection. Fungi proliferate in humid and warm environments, so the feet fingers are an ideal culture broth. If a nail is infected, it can be discolored, swell and become brittle. Fungal infections can be especially difficult to treat and require lon g-term treatment.

• Onychomycosis: It is a common fungal infection that affects the nails of the feet and causes a brown or yellowish discoloration. It usually starts at the tip of the nail and gradually spread towards the cuticle. Onicycosis can cause nails to become brittle, brittle and deformed. It is important to seek medical attention for a correct diagnosis and proper treatment.
• Tinea unguium: Also known as “ringworm of the nails,” tinea unguium is a fungal infection that affects both the fingernails and toenails. It can cause brown discoloration along with thickening, roughness, and crumbling of the nails. Prompt treatment is advisable to avoid later complications.

1. Systemic diseases: Some medical conditions can manifest through changes in nail color, including brown discoloration. Liver diseases, particularly cirrhosis, can cause nails to turn brown. This occurs as a result of increased melanin production. Other systemic diseases, such as diabetes and thyroid disorders, can also contribute to brown nail discoloration.
2. Trauma: Injuries to the finger or nail bed can cause discoloration. Blood clotting or bruising under the nail can cause the nail to appear brown. This discoloration should fade over time as the nail grows. However, if the discoloration persists or is accompanied by other symptoms, it is important to see a doctor.

Note: It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of brown toenail discoloration. Self-diagnosis and delay in seeking medical care can lead to possible complications or worsening of the condition.

Fungal Infections: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Causes: Fungal infections can occur when an individual comes into contact with fungi, either through direct contact or by inhalation of fungal spores. They can also develop when there is an overgrowth of natural fungus in the body, often triggered by factors such as heat, humidity and poor hygiene. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes, HIV/AIDS, or undergoing certain medical treatments, are more prone to fungal infections.

Important note: Fungal infections are highly contagious and can spread through direct contact with infected people, contaminated surfaces, or sharing personal items.

Symptoms: Symptoms of fungal infections vary depending on the type and location of the infection. The most common symptoms are:

• Redness, itching, or rash in the affected area
• Peeling or cracking of the skin
• Discoloration of the skin or nails
• Pain or discomfort
• Thickened, brittle or deformed nails

Fungal infections can significantly affect the quality of life of a person, causing discomfort, shame and even pain. Therefore, it is crucial to seek the proper treatment to relieve symptoms and control the infection effectively.

Treatment:

Fungal infections treatment options usually include antimicotic medications, which can be applied topically or administer orally. The choice of treatment depends on the severity, location and type of infection. In addition, practicing good hygiene, keeping the affected area clean and dry and avoiding sharing personal objects can help prevent the propagation and recurrence of fungal infections.

It is important to consult a healthcare professional to obtain an accurate diagnosis and an adequate treatment plan adapted to specific fungal infection.

Medical Topic: Trauma or Injury

A common type of injury is the sprain, which implies stretching or ligament breakage. The ligaments are bands of resistant tissue that connect the bones with each other and provide stability to the joints. The sprains usually occur when an articulation is forced in an unnatural position, which causes the ligaments to excess or break. The symptoms of a sprain can include pain, swelling, bruises and limitation of the movement’s amplitude of the affected joint.

Important information:

• The sprains can be classified into three degrees according to the seriousness of the lesion.
• The Rice method (rest, ice, compression and elevation) is usually recommended for the initial sel f-care of sprains.
• In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair severely damaged ligaments.

Fractures, meanwhile, involve bone breakage. They can occur as a result of direct trauma, such as a fall or a blow, or due to underlying medical conditions that weaken the bones. Fractures can vary in gravity, from fine cracks that can go unnoticed to complex fractures that require surgical intervention. The usual symptoms of fractures are pain, swelling, deformity and difficulty to move the affected limb.

1. Fractures can be classified into different types, such as transverse, oblique, conminutas and in green stem.
2. The immediate immobilization of the fracture focus by splints or plasters is essential to avoid major damage.
3. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to realign and stabilize the broken bone.

It is important to remember that prompt medical evaluation and appropriate treatment are crucial in addressing trauma or injury. Ignoring or mistreating these situations can lead to complications and hinder the healing process. If you have suffered an injury or trauma, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional to obtain an accurate diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan.

Poor Foot Hygiene: A Neglected Health Concern

One of the most common consequences of poor foot hygiene is the development of fungal infections such as athlete’s foot. This contagious disease thrives in warm, humid environments, so unwashed feet are a breeding ground for fungus. Additionally, neglecting to clean and dry the areas between your fingers can lead to a buildup of sweat, dirt, and bacteria, increasing the risk of infection.

Note: Fungal infections can cause symptoms such as itching, redness, and peeling of the skin. If left untreated, these infections can spread and lead to more serious complications.

Proper foot hygiene involves a combination of regular cleaning, appropriate footwear, and regular inspection of the feet for any signs of infection or injury. Washing your feet with mild soap and warm water, paying special attention to the areas between your toes, helps remove dirt and sweat. After washing, drying your feet well, especially between the toes, helps avoid excess moisture that encourages the appearance of fungus.

1. Always wear clean socks made of breathable materials to keep your feet dry and reduce the risk of bacterial or fungal growth.
2. Change socks daily, or more often if they become damp or sweaty.
3. Choosing shoes that provide adequate ventilation and fit correctly can improve foot hygiene by preventing excessive sweating and friction.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Brown Toe Nail Discoloration

1. Discoloration: The most obvious symptom of the brown discoloration of the feet is the color change of the nail. The nail can look brown or have brown spots or stretch marks. This discoloration can be uniform or irregular, and affect the entire nail or only a part of it.

1. Thickening: In addition to discoloration, the affected nail can swell more than normal. This is due to the accumulation of waste, dead cells or fungi under the nail.
2. Texture change: Another symptom to consider is a change in the texture of the nail of the brown foot. It can become rough, brittle or develop ridges. These changes can hinder the cut or maintenance of the affected nail.
3. Presence of pain or inconvenience: if you experience pain, sensitivity or discomfort in the affected foot nail, it could be indicative of an infection or injury. Pay attention to any sensation of pressure, palpitation or sensitivity around the nail.

Note: It is important to consult with a healthcare professional if you notice any of these symptoms, since it can be signs of an underlying medical condition that requires adequate diagnosis and treatment.

Changes in Nail Texture

Nail texture changes can be classified into the following categories:

1. Fovea: It refers to the presence of small depressions or holes on the surface of the nail. The bites can be associated with psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the skin and nails. In psoriasis, the immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, which causes the appearance of squamous spots on the skin and nails.
2. CRESTAS: Nail stretch marks are the presence of vertical or horizontal lines on the nail surface. Vertical stretch marks are a normal part of aging and are usually harmless. However, horizontal lines, also known as Beau lines, can indicate a more serious underlying condition. Beau’s lines may be due to serious illness, malnutrition or nail trauma.
3. Fragility: Broken nails are characterized by breaking, splitting or peeling easily. This common condition may be due to various factors, such as excessive exposure to water, aggressive chemicals and frequent use of acrylic enamels or nails. In addition, nutritional deficiencies, such as low levels of biotin or iron, can contribute to nail fragility.

Note: It is important to consult a healthcare professional if you notice any significant change in the texture of the nails, since it can be a sign of an underlying health problem that requires medical care.

Thickening or Brittle Nails

Causes:

• Fungal infection: One of the most common causes of thickened or brittle nails is a fungal infection. Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, and can easily infect the nail bed, causing changes to the structure and texture of the nail.
• Age: As we age, the nail growth process slows down, causing them to become thicker and brittle. This is a natural part of the aging process and can be controlled with proper nail care and maintenance.
• Diseases: Some diseases, such as psoriasis and thyroid disorders, can also contribute to thickened nails. These diseases affect the nail bed and cause abnormal nail growth.

It is important to note that thickening or brittle nails can also be side effects of certain medications or injuries to the nail bed. In some cases, these changes in nail texture can be a warning sign of an underlying health problem.

Treatment and prevention:

1. Topical antifungal medications: If the thickening or brittleness of the nails is due to a fungal infection, topical antifungal creams or ointments can be applied directly to the affected area. These medications help eliminate the fungus and restore the normal texture of the nail.
2. Proper nail hygiene: Maintaining good nail hygiene is essential to prevent and control thickening or brittle nails. This includes keeping your nails clean and dry, trimming them regularly, and avoiding excessive use of nail polish or artificial nails.
3. Healthy lifestyle: Adopting a healthy lifestyle can also help improve nail health. This includes eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, exercising regularly, and avoiding habits such as nail biting or picking.

Presence of Foul Odor

The bad smell of feet is a relatively common problem, characterized by an unpleasant smell that emanates from the feet. This condition, also known as Bromodosis, can affect any person, regardless of their age or sex. The main cause of bad feet is the bacteria that proliferate in the warm and humid environment that the sweaty feet provide. The interaction between sweat and these bacteria results in the production of volatile compounds that contribute to bad smell. In addition, certain factors such as poor shoe ventilation, the use of the same shoes for a prolonged period or synthetic socks can exacerbate the smell.

Key factors that contribute to bad smell of feet:

• Prolonged Use of Closed Footwear
• Poor feet hygiene and lack of regular washing
• Fungal infections such as athlete’s foot
• Hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating)
• Stress and anxiety
• Use of no n-breathable materials in footwear

Treatment Options for Brown Discoloration on Toe Nails

1. Topical antimicotic medications: In cases where brown discoloration is caused by fungal infection, topical antimicotic medications can be an effective treatment option. These medications help eliminate the fungus responsible for discoloration and promote healthy nail growth. It is important to follow the instructions provided by a health professional and apply the medication constantly to guarantee optimal results.

1. Free sales antifungal creams: These creams are easily found in pharmacies and can be used as a frontline treatment for mild fungal infections. They usually contain active ingredients such as clotrimazole or miconazole, which act inhibiting the growth of fungi.
2. Antifungal sales solutions with recipe: in cases of more serious fungal infections, a healthcare professional can prescribe more powerful antimicotic solutions. These solutions usually contain ingredients such as cyclopyrox or love, which penetrate the nail bed to directly attack the fungus.
3. Antifungal nail lacquers: nail lacquers containing antifungal agents can be an effective option to treat fungal infections. These lacquers apply directly to the affected nails and allow to dry. They form a protective layer on the nails, gradually eliminating the fungus.

2. Natural remedies: Some people prefer to explore natural remedies to treat brown decoloration on the feet. Although they are not scientifically proven, these remedies can help relieve mild cases of fungal infections.

Tea tree oil: known for its antifungal properties, tea tree oil can help combat fungal infections. Dilute a few drops of tea tree oil in a carrier oil, such as coconut, and apply it daily on affected nails.

Vinegar soaking: immersed the affected nails in a mixture of equal parts of vinegar and warm water for 15-20 minutes a day can help inhibit fungal growth.

3. Consult with a healthcare professional: if the brown discoloration persists or worsens despite trying home remedies or treatments without recipe, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional. This may accurately diagnose the underlying cause of discoloration and recommend adequate medical interventions.

Antifungal Medications

Antifungal medications are drugs specifically designed to attack and eliminate fungi. They act inhibiting the growth of fungi or killing them directly. These medications can be taken orally, apply topical or used as a combination of both, depending on the severity and location of the infection.

Oral antimicotics:

• Oral antifungals are usually prescribed for serious or resistant fungal infections. They are taken orally and are absorbed in the bloodstream, allowing them to reach the place of infection.
• The most common oral antifungals are fluconazole, terbinafine and itraconazole.
• These medications can cause side effects such as stomach discomfort, skin rashes or liver damage, so they should be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Topical antimicotics:

• Topical antimicotic medications apply directly to the affected area, such as skin or nails.
• These medications are presented in the form of creams, ointments, powders or aerosols.
• Some examples of topical antifungals are clotrimazole, miconazole and terbinafine.
• It is important to follow the application instructions, the duration of treatment and any caution mentioned by the health professional.

In some cases, a combination of oral and topical antimicotic medications can be recommended to achieve optimal efficacy. It is important to complete all the treatment prescribed by the doctor, even if the symptoms improve, to avoid the reappearance of the infection.

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Author of the article

Dr.Greenblatt M.

Medical oncologist at the Robert Larner College of Medicine, MD, at the University of Vermont