Basocellular carcinoma – Understand and treat nose cancer to promote early detection and effective treatment.

Nose basocellular carcinoma (CBC) is one of the most frequent types of skin cancer that mostly affects people between 40 and 50 years. The CBC originates in the basal cells, located in the deepest layer of the epidermis. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation of the sun or solar beds is considered the main cause of this malignant neoplasm. It is estimated that approximately 80% of all leather cancers are basocellular carcinomas, which makes it an important public health problem.

The CBC is characterized by slow and rarely metastasis growth, which entails a greater probability of treatment success if detected in time.

1. Risk factors: Apart from prolonged exposure to UV radiation, other risk factors for developing CBC in the nose are clear skin, history of solar burns, family history of skin cancer and a weakened immune system.
2. Symptoms: Basocellular carcinoma signs in the nose can vary, but usually include an open sore that does not heal, a reddish spot, a bright lump or a sca r-looking area.
3. Diagnosis: In cases where a basic carcinoma is suspected, a dermatologist will perform an exhaustive examination of the affected area and can carry out a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

It is essential that people periodically examine the skin, including nose, to detect any anomaly or change, since early detection plays a vital role in the success of the treatment. Although basic carcinoma has a higher healing rate than other types of skin cancer, rapid medical intervention is necessary to prevent cancer extending and causes important damage to surrounding tissues.

Basal Cell Carcinoma: An Overview

The appearance of basic carcinoma is usually associated with risk factors such as clear skin, a history of serious solar burns, a weakened immune system and exposure to certain chemical substances or radiation. In addition, people with a family history of CCB or personal lesions of CCB run a higher risk. Precho detection and treatment are crucial to prevent progression and complications.

Key points:

• Basocellular carcinoma is a frequent form of skin cancer that originates in the basal cells of the epidermis.
• Prolonged exposure to UV radiation is the main cause of basal cell carcinoma.
• The CBC, which usually appears in areas of the skin exposed to the sun, can cause local damage if not.
• The risk factors are clear skin, severe solar burns, a weakened immune system and family or personal history of CBC.
• The early detection and treatment are vital to avoid subsequent complications.

Knowledge of basocellular carcinoma and its causes

Introduction

It is believed that bascellular carcinoma is triggered by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV). When the skin is exposed to UV radiation from the sun or artificial sources such as solar beds, genetic mutations can occur in the basal skin cells. These mutations alter the normal growth and division of cells, which leads to the development of cancer lesions.

Causes of Basal Cell Carcinoma

There are several factors that contribute to the development of basic carcinoma. Among them are included

1. Excessive exposure to sunlight: prolonged exposure to UV radiation is the main cause of basal cell carcinoma. People who spend a lot of time outdoors without adequate sun protection are at a greater risk of developing this type of skin cancer.
2. Frequent use of tanning chambers: Bronze cameras emit intense UV radiations that can increase the risk of developing CBC. Regular use of tanning beds can significantly raise the chances of developing this type of skin cancer.
3. Having clear skin: people with clear leather, light eyes and blond or re d-haired hair are more prone to basic carcinoma. Your skin has less melanin, a pigment that provides some protection against UV radiation.
4. Advanced age: bascellular carcinoma usually appears in elderly people, especially from 50 years. The cumulative effects of sun exposure over many years can lead to the development of a CBC.

Basocellular carcinoma usually develops slowly and, if detected in time, can be efficiently. Periodic sel f-explorerations and annual skin reviews made by a dermatologist are crucial to detect any suspicious injury and request adequate medical intervention.

• Weakened immune system
• Background of skin cancer
• CBC family history
• Exposure to certain chemical substances and toxins

Symptoms and Early Detection of Basal Cell Carcinoma

BCC usually begins as a small, shiny lump or nodule on the skin, which can be easily confused with a pimple, mole, or benign growth. It can take on a pearly or translucent appearance and be pink, red or white. Over time, the lesion may enlarge, become raised, or have an indentation in the center. It may bleed easily, fail to heal, or develop a crusty surface. In some cases, BCC may present as a non-healing ulcer or open sore, which never fully heals.

Common Symptoms of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Nose:

• Small, shiny bump or nodule that may be pink, red, or white.
• Pearlescent or translucent appearance
• Enlarged growth with a raised or indented center
• Bleeding or easily irritated lesion
• Non-healing ulcer or persistent open sore

It is important to note that not all symptoms are present in all cases of basal cell carcinoma, and some people may remain asymptomatic. Therefore, it is essential to be alert and perform periodic self-examinations of the skin, especially in areas exposed to the sun. Early detection of basal cell carcinoma can significantly increase the chances of treatment success and reduce the risk of complications.

Early detection of basal cell carcinoma is key to successful treatment and improved outcomes.

Diagnosis and Staging of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Nose

When evaluating a patient with suspected basal cell carcinoma of the nose, a thorough clinical examination is essential. Key features to look for include the presence of a nonhealing ulcer, a persistent scaly or raised lesion, or a recurrent bleeding lesion in the nasal area. It is important to note that these characteristic signs of BCC may vary depending on the tumor subtype.

• Ulcerative subtype: Presents an ulcer with raised and rolled edges, often oozing or crusted.
• Nodular subtype: Presents as a pearly or translucent papule or nodule, with telangiectasias (spider veins) often visible on the surface.
• Infiltrative subtype: Often characterized by a flat, indurated plaque or scar lesion with poorly defined borders.

Note: The descriptions above are general guidelines, and different subtypes of basal cell carcinoma may have overlapping characteristics.

To confirm the diagnosis of BCC and determine the degree of involvement, various diagnostic procedures can be used. A skin biopsy is usually recommended, in which a small sample of the lesion is taken for histopathological examination. This biopsy helps establish the presence of a basal cell carcinoma and provides information on the subtype, depth of invasion, and any associated features, such as perineural invasion. Additionally, imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be useful to evaluate the extent of the tumor, especially if invasion of deeper structures such as cartilage or bone is suspected.

Once the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma of the nose is established, staging is crucial to determine the appropriate therapeutic approach. The staging system commonly used for basal cell carcinoma of the nose is the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM system, which takes into account tumor size (T), lymph node involvement (N), and the presenceof distant metastasis (M).

1. T stage: Defines the extension of the primary tumor, which ranges from T0 (no evidence of tumor) to T4 (invasion into bone, brain or other structures).
2. Stage N: indicates involvement of regional lymph nodes; N0 indicates no lymph node involvement and N1-N3 represents an increasing degree of lymph node spread.
3. Stage M: Represents the presence or absence of distant metastases, with M0 indicating the absence of distant metastases and M1 indicating the presence of metastatic disease.

Treatment Options for Basal Cell Carcinoma on the Nose

1. Mohs micrographic surgery: This high-precision surgical technique is considered the gold standard for the treatment of BCC in the nose. It consists of several steps that guarantee complete removal of the tumor while preserving the maximum amount of healthy tissue. During the procedure, progressively thin layers of tissue are removed and examined under a microscope until no cancer cells are detected. This approach offers the highest cure rates, while minimizing the risk of recurrence and preserving the aesthetic appearance of the nose.

“Mohs micrographic surgery is the gold standard for the treatment of BCC in the nose, offering high cure rates and optimal aesthetic results.”

2. 2. Radiotherapy: In cases where surgery may be complicated due to larger or advanced tumors, radiotherapy can be an effective alternative. This non-invasive treatment option uses high-energy x-rays to destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy is often recommended for patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery, have multiple lesions, or have recurrent BCC. However, it may require multiple sessions and may cause side effects such as skin irritation.

3. Topical treatments: For superficial BCCs or in cases where surgery or radiation therapy is not feasible, topical treatments may be considered. These include creams or gels that contain medication that acts directly on cancer cells. Among the most commonly used topical treatments for BCC are imiquimod, 5-fluorouracil, and ingenol mebutate. It is important to note that these treatments are typically reserved for low-risk or early-stage BCC and may take several weeks or months to complete.

In summary, treatment of basal cell carcinoma in the nose requires careful consideration of factors such as tumor size, location, patient characteristics, and cosmetic results. Mohs micrographic surgery is the preferred method for complete tumor removal with optimal cosmetic results. However, radiotherapy and topical treatments may be alternative options depending on the specific case. It is crucial that people with BCC in the nose consult with a dermatologist or skin cancer medical professional to determine the most appropriate treatment approach for their unique situation.

Potential Complications and Long-term Effects of Basal Cell Carcinoma

It is important to keep in mind that the complications and long-term effects of basal cell carcinoma can vary from person to person, depending on factors such as the location and size of the tumor, as well as the stage at which it is diagnosed and treated. Some of the possible complications and long-term effects that can arise from basal cell carcinoma are:

1. Local tissue destruction: Due to the invasive nature of basal cell carcinoma, the tumor can cause significant damage to nearby tissues, which can lead to functional impairments or deformities. In cases where BCC affects the nose, complications such as nasal obstruction, difficulty breathing, or changes in the appearance of the nose may occur.
2. Recurrence: Although basic carcinoma is generally considered a slow growth cancer, there is the possibility of recurrence even after successful treatment. Factors such as an inappropriate initial treatment, incomplete elimination of cancer cells or possible exposure to risk factors can increase the risk of reappearance of bascellular carcinoma.
3. Metastasis: although it is rare, in some cases basic carcinoma can be extended to other parts of the body, giving rise to a metastatic basal cell carcinoma. This advanced CCB stadium can cause serious complications and potentially mortal effects, since cancer cells invade nearby lymph nodes, blood vessels or distant organs.

Note: Early detection, appropriate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent or minimize possible complications and lon g-term effects associated with bascellular carcinoma.

To control and reduce the risk of complications and lon g-term effects, people diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma should go to periodic follo w-up quotes with their doctor, follow the recommended treatment plans and adopt preventive measures to protect the skin from new solar damage. If they remain vigilant and proactive in their treatment and sel f-care, people can improve their quality of life and minimize the potential impact of basic carcinoma.

Prevention and Reducing the Risk of Basal Cell Carcinoma

1. Sun Protection

Sun exposure is one of the main risk factors in bascellular carcinoma. Protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV) of the sun is crucial to reduce the risk. Follow these sun protection tips:

• Apply sun cream: Use a broad spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (FPS) of 30 or higher. Apply it generously on all the skin exposed at least 15 minutes before going abroad.
• Look for the shadow: remain in shaded areas, especially during the highest insolation hours, between 10 am and 16. 00.
• Take protective clothing: Cover the skin with long sleeves, pants, a wide wing hat and sunglasses with UV protection to minimize direct exposure to the sun.

2. Avoid Indoor Tanning

In recent years, interior tan has become increasingly popular, especially among young people. However, inner tanning chambers emit UV radiations that can significantly increase the risk of developing skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma. It is crucial to completely avoid tanning in interiors and opt for safer alternatives to get a tan.

According to the American Academy of Dermatology, the tanner in indoor before 35 years increases the risk of developing a basal cell carcinoma by up to 75%.

3. Regular Skin Examinations

Performing regular skin self-examinations can help identify any suspicious growths or changes to existing moles or skin spots. If you notice any unusual changes, see a doctor immediately. Additionally, routine visits to a dermatologist for professional skin examinations are recommended, especially for people at increased risk of basal cell carcinoma due to factors such as light skin, an extensive history of sun exposure, or a personal or family history ofskin cancer.

Taking proactive measures to prevent and reduce the risk of basal cell carcinoma is crucial to safeguarding skin health. By applying sun protection measures, avoiding indoor tanning, and paying attention to skin changes, people can significantly reduce the chance of developing this common form of skin cancer.

LikeDislike

Author of the article

Dr.Greenblatt M.

Medical oncologist at the Robert Larner College of Medicine, MD, at the University of Vermont